Three-Dimensional Finite-Element Modeling and Validation of a Timber-Framed House to Wind Loading

Abstract

This paper presents a three-dimensional (3D) finite-element model (FEM) of part of a contemporary timber-framed house for assessing the load sharing and contribution of lining elements to load sharing. Assembled with intercomponent connections (i.e., batten-to-cladding connections, batten-to-truss connections, and roof-to-wall connections), the model consists of structural frame elements (e.g., trusses, battens, metal roof cladding, top plates, bottom plates, and wall studs) and lining elements (e.g., ceiling, wall lining, and ceiling cornice). The model analyses agree favorably with results from full-scale structural tests. The FEM shows that adding lining elements decreases the vertical reaction of the roof-to-wall connection by approximately 25%. This validated model provides confidence for assessing the structural response of a range of typical house geometries and materials including the effects of construction defects to wind loads.