Space-Level Plug-Load Densities of Educational Buildings on University Campuses

Abstract

The accuracy of energy estimation using building energy models is contingent on user inputs. Depending on the situation, energy models may use plug-load densities that are unsubstantiated for the specific building type and space conditions. A common standard in the literature lists plug-load density for educational facilities as 1 W/square foot (sf). However, plug-loads have changed because of technological advancements and the frequency and types of equipment usage. It is crucial to develop plug-load densities at the space level based on their functionality, especially with the current very limited knowledge of spaces and their equipment energy usage. This is particularly true for educational buildings situated on university campuses. They house a variety of spaces, such as classrooms, offices, study rooms, imaging rooms, auditoriums, lounges, teaching laboratories, etc. Through detailed sensing and monitoring of two educational buildings on a university campus, this paper discusses the methodology to calculate space-level plug-load densities. Furthermore, this paper compares the plug-load density values of university campus educational buildings calculated in this study with previous studies.