Implementing the Extended Multivariate Approach in Design with Partial Factors for a Retaining Wall in Clay

Abstract

Limitations with the current design using partial factors in Eurocode 7 have been identified. Uncertainties in the material properties are incorporated in both the cautious estimate of the characteristic value and the partial factor. Furthermore, the partial factor is fixed, which limits the opportunities to update the design when additional information is available. A more rational procedure of managing uncertainties in design with partial factors is proposed based on the Bayesian methodology referred to as the extended multivariate approach. The benefits of the approach are illustrated with a case study in which uncertainties of undrained shear strength are characterized for a Swedish clay. The characteristic value and design value is calculated in accordance with the Swedish national annex to Eurocode 7 by adjusting the otherwise fixed partial factor with a conversion factor allowable through EN 1990. The study highlights major benefits in managing uncertainties in a quantifiable and rational way.