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    Trajectory Analysis of Summertime Sulfate Concentrations in the Northeastern United States

    Source: Journal of Applied Meteorology:;1979:;volume( 019 ):;issue: 012::page 1382
    Author:
    Samson, Perry J.
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0450(1980)019<1382:TAOSSC>2.0.CO;2
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Abstract: This paper presents a technique for quantifying the relationships between observed concentrations of atmospheric sulfate aerosol and their corresponding upstream history of sulfur dioxide emissions, wind speed and mixing height. Using reported sulfate concentrations from several sampling sites in the northeastern United States, 72 h upstream trajectories have been computed for winds in the mixed layer of the atmosphere over the duration of their respective sampling periods. Trajectories from one site were computed for four sublayers, each 400 m thick, extending from the surface to 1600 m. The deviations in along-trajectory and cross-trajectory directions of each of the sublayers from the position of the whole mixed layer were computed. From this the functions σy(t) and σx(t) for travel times of 6 to 72 h were derived for each layer individually and collectively for the whole layer. The values of σy(t) and σx(t) for the whole mixed-layer were found to be roughly equivalent over this time period and to grow linearly in time. The growth can be described by the relationship σy(t) = 5.4t , where σy is in kilometers and t is in hours. Using these statistics to describe the potential impact from upstream sources, each trajectory was integrated over finite time steps to estimate the potential emissions loading along that trajectory as a function of time upstream. Correspondingly, estimates were made as a function of time upstream of the wind speed in the layer and the depth of the mixed layer. It was found that sulfate concentrations were insensitive to upstream mixing height, as determined in this study, but were almost always positively correlated with the inverse of wind speed occurring 24 h or more upstream of the sampling point. No consistent relationship was evident between sulfate concentrations and potential upstream SO2 emissions loading. The ratio of observed to potential sulfate generation, as determined from the total upstream sulfur dioxide input, indicates an average net efficiency of roughly 15?30% conversion of sulfate dioxide to sulfate before deposition. These values vary dramatically with increasing efficiency corresponding to increasing resultant sulfate concentration.
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      Trajectory Analysis of Summertime Sulfate Concentrations in the Northeastern United States

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    http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4233546
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    contributor authorSamson, Perry J.
    date accessioned2017-06-09T17:40:42Z
    date available2017-06-09T17:40:42Z
    date copyright1980/12/01
    date issued1979
    identifier issn0021-8952
    identifier otherams-9997.pdf
    identifier urihttp://onlinelibrary.yabesh.ir/handle/yetl/4233546
    description abstractThis paper presents a technique for quantifying the relationships between observed concentrations of atmospheric sulfate aerosol and their corresponding upstream history of sulfur dioxide emissions, wind speed and mixing height. Using reported sulfate concentrations from several sampling sites in the northeastern United States, 72 h upstream trajectories have been computed for winds in the mixed layer of the atmosphere over the duration of their respective sampling periods. Trajectories from one site were computed for four sublayers, each 400 m thick, extending from the surface to 1600 m. The deviations in along-trajectory and cross-trajectory directions of each of the sublayers from the position of the whole mixed layer were computed. From this the functions σy(t) and σx(t) for travel times of 6 to 72 h were derived for each layer individually and collectively for the whole layer. The values of σy(t) and σx(t) for the whole mixed-layer were found to be roughly equivalent over this time period and to grow linearly in time. The growth can be described by the relationship σy(t) = 5.4t , where σy is in kilometers and t is in hours. Using these statistics to describe the potential impact from upstream sources, each trajectory was integrated over finite time steps to estimate the potential emissions loading along that trajectory as a function of time upstream. Correspondingly, estimates were made as a function of time upstream of the wind speed in the layer and the depth of the mixed layer. It was found that sulfate concentrations were insensitive to upstream mixing height, as determined in this study, but were almost always positively correlated with the inverse of wind speed occurring 24 h or more upstream of the sampling point. No consistent relationship was evident between sulfate concentrations and potential upstream SO2 emissions loading. The ratio of observed to potential sulfate generation, as determined from the total upstream sulfur dioxide input, indicates an average net efficiency of roughly 15?30% conversion of sulfate dioxide to sulfate before deposition. These values vary dramatically with increasing efficiency corresponding to increasing resultant sulfate concentration.
    publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
    titleTrajectory Analysis of Summertime Sulfate Concentrations in the Northeastern United States
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume19
    journal issue12
    journal titleJournal of Applied Meteorology
    identifier doi10.1175/1520-0450(1980)019<1382:TAOSSC>2.0.CO;2
    journal fristpage1382
    journal lastpage1394
    treeJournal of Applied Meteorology:;1979:;volume( 019 ):;issue: 012
    contenttypeFulltext
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    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2015  DuraSpace
    نرم افزار کتابخانه دیجیتال "دی اسپیس" فارسی شده توسط یابش برای کتابخانه های ایرانی | تماس با یابش
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