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    Local and Mesoscale Impacts of Wind Farms as Parameterized in a Mesoscale NWP Model

    Source: Monthly Weather Review:;2012:;volume( 140 ):;issue: 009::page 3017
    Author:
    Fitch, Anna C.
    ,
    Olson, Joseph B.
    ,
    Lundquist, Julie K.
    ,
    Dudhia, Jimy
    ,
    Gupta, Alok K.
    ,
    Michalakes, John
    ,
    Barstad, Idar
    DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00352.1
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Abstract: new wind farm parameterization has been developed for the mesoscale numerical weather prediction model, the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF). The effects of wind turbines are represented by imposing a momentum sink on the mean flow; transferring kinetic energy into electricity and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). The parameterization improves upon previous models, basing the atmospheric drag of turbines on the thrust coefficient of a modern commercial turbine. In addition, the source of TKE varies with wind speed, reflecting the amount of energy extracted from the atmosphere by the turbines that does not produce electrical energy.Analyses of idealized simulations of a large offshore wind farm are presented to highlight the perturbation induced by the wind farm and its interaction with the atmospheric boundary layer (BL). A wind speed deficit extended throughout the depth of the neutral boundary layer, above and downstream from the farm, with a long wake of 60-km e-folding distance. Within the farm the wind speed deficit reached a maximum reduction of 16%. A maximum increase of TKE, by nearly a factor of 7, was located within the farm. The increase in TKE extended to the top of the BL above the farm due to vertical transport and wind shear, significantly enhancing turbulent momentum fluxes. The TKE increased by a factor of 2 near the surface within the farm. Near-surface winds accelerated by up to 11%. These results are consistent with the few results available from observations and large-eddy simulations, indicating this parameterization provides a reasonable means of exploring potential downwind impacts of large wind farms.
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      Local and Mesoscale Impacts of Wind Farms as Parameterized in a Mesoscale NWP Model

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    http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4229850
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    • Monthly Weather Review

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    contributor authorFitch, Anna C.
    contributor authorOlson, Joseph B.
    contributor authorLundquist, Julie K.
    contributor authorDudhia, Jimy
    contributor authorGupta, Alok K.
    contributor authorMichalakes, John
    contributor authorBarstad, Idar
    date accessioned2017-06-09T17:29:59Z
    date available2017-06-09T17:29:59Z
    date copyright2012/09/01
    date issued2012
    identifier issn0027-0644
    identifier otherams-86306.pdf
    identifier urihttp://onlinelibrary.yabesh.ir/handle/yetl/4229850
    description abstractnew wind farm parameterization has been developed for the mesoscale numerical weather prediction model, the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF). The effects of wind turbines are represented by imposing a momentum sink on the mean flow; transferring kinetic energy into electricity and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). The parameterization improves upon previous models, basing the atmospheric drag of turbines on the thrust coefficient of a modern commercial turbine. In addition, the source of TKE varies with wind speed, reflecting the amount of energy extracted from the atmosphere by the turbines that does not produce electrical energy.Analyses of idealized simulations of a large offshore wind farm are presented to highlight the perturbation induced by the wind farm and its interaction with the atmospheric boundary layer (BL). A wind speed deficit extended throughout the depth of the neutral boundary layer, above and downstream from the farm, with a long wake of 60-km e-folding distance. Within the farm the wind speed deficit reached a maximum reduction of 16%. A maximum increase of TKE, by nearly a factor of 7, was located within the farm. The increase in TKE extended to the top of the BL above the farm due to vertical transport and wind shear, significantly enhancing turbulent momentum fluxes. The TKE increased by a factor of 2 near the surface within the farm. Near-surface winds accelerated by up to 11%. These results are consistent with the few results available from observations and large-eddy simulations, indicating this parameterization provides a reasonable means of exploring potential downwind impacts of large wind farms.
    publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
    titleLocal and Mesoscale Impacts of Wind Farms as Parameterized in a Mesoscale NWP Model
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume140
    journal issue9
    journal titleMonthly Weather Review
    identifier doi10.1175/MWR-D-11-00352.1
    journal fristpage3017
    journal lastpage3038
    treeMonthly Weather Review:;2012:;volume( 140 ):;issue: 009
    contenttypeFulltext
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