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contributor authorVan Weverberg, Kwinten
contributor authorVogelmann, Andrew M.
contributor authorMorrison, Hugh
contributor authorMilbrandt, Jason A.
date accessioned2017-06-09T17:29:24Z
date available2017-06-09T17:29:24Z
date copyright2012/06/01
date issued2011
identifier issn0027-0644
identifier otherams-86172.pdf
identifier urihttp://onlinelibrary.yabesh.ir/handle/yetl/4229701
description abstracthis paper investigates the level of complexity that is needed within bulk microphysics schemes to represent the essential features associated with deep convection. To do so, the sensitivity of surface precipitation is evaluated in two-dimensional idealized squall-line simulations with respect to the level of complexity in the bulk microphysics schemes of H. Morrison et al. and of J. A. Milbrandt and M. K. Yau. Factors examined include the number of predicted moments for each of the precipitating hydrometeors, the number and nature of ice categories, and the conversion term formulations. First, it is shown that simulations of surface precipitation and cold pools are not only a two-moment representation of rain, as suggested by previous research, but also by two-moment representations for all precipitating hydrometeors. Cold pools weakened when both rain and graupel number concentrations were predicted, because size sorting led to larger graupel particles that melted into larger raindrops and caused less evaporative cooling. Second, surface precipitation was found to be less sensitive to the nature of the rimed ice species (hail or graupel). Production of hail in experiments including both graupel and hail strongly depends on an unphysical threshold that converts small hail back to graupel, indicating the need for a more physical treatment of the graupel-to-hail conversion. Third, it was shown that the differences in precipitation extremes between the two-moment microphysics schemes are mainly related to the treatment of drop breakup. It was also shown that, although the H. Morrison et al. scheme is dominated by deposition growth and low precipitation efficiency, the J. A. Milbrandt and M. K. Yau scheme is dominated by riming processes and high precipitation efficiency.
publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
titleSensitivity of Idealized Squall-Line Simulations to the Level of Complexity Used in Two-Moment Bulk Microphysics Schemes
typeJournal Paper
journal volume140
journal issue6
journal titleMonthly Weather Review
identifier doi10.1175/MWR-D-11-00120.1
journal fristpage1883
journal lastpage1907
treeMonthly Weather Review:;2011:;volume( 140 ):;issue: 006
contenttypeFulltext


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