1280-MHz Active Array Radar Wind Profiler for Lower Atmosphere: System Description and Data Validation

Abstract

n L-band radar wind profiler was established at National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki, India (13.5°N, 79.2°E), to provide continuous high-resolution wind measurements in the lower atmosphere. This system utilizes a fully active array and passive beam-forming network. It operates at 1280 MHz with peak output power of 1.2 kW. The active array comprises a 16 ? 16 array of microstrip patch antenna elements fed by dedicated solid-state transceiver modules. A 2D modified Butler beam-forming network is employed to feed the active array. The combination of active array and passive beam-forming network results in enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and simple beam steering. This system also comprises a direct intermediate frequency (IF) digital receiver and pulse compression scheme, which result in more flexibility and enhanced height coverage. The scientific objectives of this profiler are to study the atmospheric boundary layer dynamics and precipitation. Observations made by this profiler have been validated using a collocated GPS sonde. This paper presents the detailed system description, including sample observations for clear-air and precipitation cases.