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    Ocean Circulation under Globally Glaciated Snowball Earth Conditions: Steady-State Solutions

    Source: Journal of Physical Oceanography:;2013:;Volume( 044 ):;issue: 001::page 24
    Author:
    Ashkenazy, Yosef
    ,
    Gildor, Hezi
    ,
    Losch, Martin
    ,
    Tziperman, Eli
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-13-086.1
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Abstract: etween ~750 and 635 million years ago, during the Neoproterozoic era, the earth experienced at least two significant, possibly global, glaciations, termed ?Snowball Earth.? While many studies have focused on the dynamics and the role of the atmosphere and ice flow over the ocean in these events, only a few have investigated the related associated ocean circulation, and no study has examined the ocean circulation under a thick (~1 km deep) sea ice cover, driven by geothermal heat flux. Here, a thick sea ice?flow model coupled to an ocean general circulation model is used to study the ocean circulation under Snowball Earth conditions. The ocean circulation is first investigated under a simplified zonal symmetry assumption, and (i) strong equatorial zonal jets and (ii) a strong meridional overturning cell are found, limited to an area very close to the equator. The authors derive an analytic approximation for the latitude?depth ocean dynamics and find that the extent of the meridional overturning circulation cell only depends on the horizontal eddy viscosity and ? (the change of the Coriolis parameter with latitude). The analytic approximation closely reproduces the numerical results. Three-dimensional ocean simulations, with reconstructed Neoproterozoic continental configuration, confirm the zonally symmetric dynamics and show additional boundary currents and strong upwelling and downwelling near the continents.
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      Ocean Circulation under Globally Glaciated Snowball Earth Conditions: Steady-State Solutions

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    contributor authorAshkenazy, Yosef
    contributor authorGildor, Hezi
    contributor authorLosch, Martin
    contributor authorTziperman, Eli
    date accessioned2017-06-09T17:20:35Z
    date available2017-06-09T17:20:35Z
    date copyright2014/01/01
    date issued2013
    identifier issn0022-3670
    identifier otherams-83517.pdf
    identifier urihttp://onlinelibrary.yabesh.ir/handle/yetl/4226751
    description abstractetween ~750 and 635 million years ago, during the Neoproterozoic era, the earth experienced at least two significant, possibly global, glaciations, termed ?Snowball Earth.? While many studies have focused on the dynamics and the role of the atmosphere and ice flow over the ocean in these events, only a few have investigated the related associated ocean circulation, and no study has examined the ocean circulation under a thick (~1 km deep) sea ice cover, driven by geothermal heat flux. Here, a thick sea ice?flow model coupled to an ocean general circulation model is used to study the ocean circulation under Snowball Earth conditions. The ocean circulation is first investigated under a simplified zonal symmetry assumption, and (i) strong equatorial zonal jets and (ii) a strong meridional overturning cell are found, limited to an area very close to the equator. The authors derive an analytic approximation for the latitude?depth ocean dynamics and find that the extent of the meridional overturning circulation cell only depends on the horizontal eddy viscosity and ? (the change of the Coriolis parameter with latitude). The analytic approximation closely reproduces the numerical results. Three-dimensional ocean simulations, with reconstructed Neoproterozoic continental configuration, confirm the zonally symmetric dynamics and show additional boundary currents and strong upwelling and downwelling near the continents.
    publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
    titleOcean Circulation under Globally Glaciated Snowball Earth Conditions: Steady-State Solutions
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume44
    journal issue1
    journal titleJournal of Physical Oceanography
    identifier doi10.1175/JPO-D-13-086.1
    journal fristpage24
    journal lastpage43
    treeJournal of Physical Oceanography:;2013:;Volume( 044 ):;issue: 001
    contenttypeFulltext
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