The Land Surface Contribution to the Potential Predictability of Boreal Summer Season Climate

Abstract

The role of the land surface in contributing to the potential predictability of the boreal summer climate is investigated with a coupled land?atmosphere climate model. Ensemble simulations for 1982?99 have been conducted with specified observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Several treatments of the land surface are investigated: climatological land surface initialization, realistic initialization of soil wetness, and a series of experiments where downward surface fluxes over land are replaced with observed proxies of precipitation, shortwave, and longwave radiation. Without flux replacement the model exhibits strong drift in soil wetness and both systematic errors and poor simulation of interannual variations of precipitation and near-surface temperature. With flux replacement there are large improvements in simulation of both spatial patterns and interannual variability of precipitation and surface temperature. The land surface apparently does contribute, through positive feedback with the atmosphere, to regional climate anomalies. However, because of the sizeable noise component in precipitation, the strong land?atmosphere feedback may not translate into reliable enhancements in predictability, particularly in years of weak anomalies in the land surface initial conditions at the start of boreal summer.