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    How do Tropical Temperate Troughs Form and Develop over Southern Africa?

    Source: Journal of Climate:;2013:;volume( 027 ):;issue: 004::page 1633
    Author:
    Macron, Clémence
    ,
    Pohl, Benjamin
    ,
    Richard, Yves
    ,
    Bessafi, Miloud
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00175.1
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Abstract: his paper aims at separating the respective influences of tropical and midlatitude variability on the development and life cycle of tropical temperate troughs (TTTs) over southern Africa in austral summer (November?February). Cluster analysis is applied to 1971?2000 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) daily outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) anomalies to identify TTTs and monitor tropical convection. The same analysis applied to the zonal wind stretching deformation at 200 hPa (ZDEF) characterizes midlatitude transient perturbations. Results based on the comparison between these two classifications first confirm that midlatitude baroclinic waves are a necessary condition for TTT development, but they are not sufficient. Roughly 40% of those occurring in austral summer are associated with a TTT. They tend to be stronger than the baroclinic waves not associated with TTT development. In the tropics, additional conditions needed to form a TTT consist of an excess of latent energy over the Mozambique Channel, mostly because of moisture advections and convergence from the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Taken together, these conditions are highly favorable for deep atmospheric convection over and near southern Africa and seem to explain a large fraction of TTT variability.
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      How do Tropical Temperate Troughs Form and Develop over Southern Africa?

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    contributor authorMacron, Clémence
    contributor authorPohl, Benjamin
    contributor authorRichard, Yves
    contributor authorBessafi, Miloud
    date accessioned2017-06-09T17:08:28Z
    date available2017-06-09T17:08:28Z
    date copyright2014/02/01
    date issued2013
    identifier issn0894-8755
    identifier otherams-80012.pdf
    identifier urihttp://onlinelibrary.yabesh.ir/handle/yetl/4222858
    description abstracthis paper aims at separating the respective influences of tropical and midlatitude variability on the development and life cycle of tropical temperate troughs (TTTs) over southern Africa in austral summer (November?February). Cluster analysis is applied to 1971?2000 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) daily outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) anomalies to identify TTTs and monitor tropical convection. The same analysis applied to the zonal wind stretching deformation at 200 hPa (ZDEF) characterizes midlatitude transient perturbations. Results based on the comparison between these two classifications first confirm that midlatitude baroclinic waves are a necessary condition for TTT development, but they are not sufficient. Roughly 40% of those occurring in austral summer are associated with a TTT. They tend to be stronger than the baroclinic waves not associated with TTT development. In the tropics, additional conditions needed to form a TTT consist of an excess of latent energy over the Mozambique Channel, mostly because of moisture advections and convergence from the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Taken together, these conditions are highly favorable for deep atmospheric convection over and near southern Africa and seem to explain a large fraction of TTT variability.
    publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
    titleHow do Tropical Temperate Troughs Form and Develop over Southern Africa?
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume27
    journal issue4
    journal titleJournal of Climate
    identifier doi10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00175.1
    journal fristpage1633
    journal lastpage1647
    treeJournal of Climate:;2013:;volume( 027 ):;issue: 004
    contenttypeFulltext
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