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    Dynamical Downscaling Projections of Twenty-First-Century Atlantic Hurricane Activity: CMIP3 and CMIP5 Model-Based Scenarios

    Source: Journal of Climate:;2013:;volume( 026 ):;issue: 017::page 6591
    Author:
    Knutson, Thomas R.
    ,
    Sirutis, Joseph J.
    ,
    Vecchi, Gabriel A.
    ,
    Garner, Stephen
    ,
    Zhao, Ming
    ,
    Kim, Hyeong-Seog
    ,
    Bender, Morris
    ,
    Tuleya, Robert E.
    ,
    Held, Isaac M.
    ,
    Villarini, Gabriele
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00539.1
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Abstract: wenty-first-century projections of Atlantic climate change are downscaled to explore the robustness of potential changes in hurricane activity. Multimodel ensembles using the phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3)/Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B (SRES A1B; late-twenty-first century) and phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5)/representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5; early- and late-twenty-first century) scenarios are examined. Ten individual CMIP3 models are downscaled to assess the spread of results among the CMIP3 (but not the CMIP5) models. Downscaling simulations are compared for 18-km grid regional and 50-km grid global models. Storm cases from the regional model are further downscaled into the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) hurricane model (9-km inner grid spacing, with ocean coupling) to simulate intense hurricanes at a finer resolution.A significant reduction in tropical storm frequency is projected for the CMIP3 (?27%), CMIP5-early (?20%) and CMIP5-late (?23%) ensembles and for 5 of the 10 individual CMIP3 models. Lifetime maximum hurricane intensity increases significantly in the high-resolution experiments?by 4%?6% for CMIP3 and CMIP5 ensembles. A significant increase (+87%) in the frequency of very intense (categories 4 and 5) hurricanes (winds ≥ 59 m s?1) is projected using CMIP3, but smaller, only marginally significant increases are projected (+45% and +39%) for the CMIP5-early and CMIP5-late scenarios. Hurricane rainfall rates increase robustly for the CMIP3 and CMIP5 scenarios. For the late-twenty-first century, this increase amounts to +20% to +30% in the model hurricane?s inner core, with a smaller increase (~10%) for averaging radii of 200 km or larger. The fractional increase in precipitation at large radii (200?400 km) approximates that expected from environmental water vapor content scaling, while increases for the inner core exceed this level.
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      Dynamical Downscaling Projections of Twenty-First-Century Atlantic Hurricane Activity: CMIP3 and CMIP5 Model-Based Scenarios

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    http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4222509
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    contributor authorKnutson, Thomas R.
    contributor authorSirutis, Joseph J.
    contributor authorVecchi, Gabriel A.
    contributor authorGarner, Stephen
    contributor authorZhao, Ming
    contributor authorKim, Hyeong-Seog
    contributor authorBender, Morris
    contributor authorTuleya, Robert E.
    contributor authorHeld, Isaac M.
    contributor authorVillarini, Gabriele
    date accessioned2017-06-09T17:07:17Z
    date available2017-06-09T17:07:17Z
    date copyright2013/09/01
    date issued2013
    identifier issn0894-8755
    identifier otherams-79701.pdf
    identifier urihttp://onlinelibrary.yabesh.ir/handle/yetl/4222509
    description abstractwenty-first-century projections of Atlantic climate change are downscaled to explore the robustness of potential changes in hurricane activity. Multimodel ensembles using the phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3)/Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B (SRES A1B; late-twenty-first century) and phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5)/representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5; early- and late-twenty-first century) scenarios are examined. Ten individual CMIP3 models are downscaled to assess the spread of results among the CMIP3 (but not the CMIP5) models. Downscaling simulations are compared for 18-km grid regional and 50-km grid global models. Storm cases from the regional model are further downscaled into the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) hurricane model (9-km inner grid spacing, with ocean coupling) to simulate intense hurricanes at a finer resolution.A significant reduction in tropical storm frequency is projected for the CMIP3 (?27%), CMIP5-early (?20%) and CMIP5-late (?23%) ensembles and for 5 of the 10 individual CMIP3 models. Lifetime maximum hurricane intensity increases significantly in the high-resolution experiments?by 4%?6% for CMIP3 and CMIP5 ensembles. A significant increase (+87%) in the frequency of very intense (categories 4 and 5) hurricanes (winds ≥ 59 m s?1) is projected using CMIP3, but smaller, only marginally significant increases are projected (+45% and +39%) for the CMIP5-early and CMIP5-late scenarios. Hurricane rainfall rates increase robustly for the CMIP3 and CMIP5 scenarios. For the late-twenty-first century, this increase amounts to +20% to +30% in the model hurricane?s inner core, with a smaller increase (~10%) for averaging radii of 200 km or larger. The fractional increase in precipitation at large radii (200?400 km) approximates that expected from environmental water vapor content scaling, while increases for the inner core exceed this level.
    publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
    titleDynamical Downscaling Projections of Twenty-First-Century Atlantic Hurricane Activity: CMIP3 and CMIP5 Model-Based Scenarios
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume26
    journal issue17
    journal titleJournal of Climate
    identifier doi10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00539.1
    journal fristpage6591
    journal lastpage6617
    treeJournal of Climate:;2013:;volume( 026 ):;issue: 017
    contenttypeFulltext
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