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    On the Inconsistent Relationship between Pacific and Atlantic Niños

    Source: Journal of Climate:;2012:;volume( 025 ):;issue: 012::page 4294
    Author:
    Lübbecke, Joke F.
    ,
    McPhaden, Michael J.
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00553.1
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Abstract: he tropical Atlantic wind response to El Niño forcing is robust, with weakened northeast trade winds north of the equator and strengthened southeast trade winds along and south of the equator. However, the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific and Atlantic is inconsistent, with El Niño events followed sometimes by warm and other times by cold boreal summer anomalies in the Atlantic cold tongue region. Using observational data and a hindcast simulation of the Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO) global model at 0.5° resolution (NEMO-ORCA05), this inconsistent SST relationship is shown to be at least partly attributable to a delayed negative feedback in the tropical Atlantic that is active in years with a warm or neutral response in the eastern equatorial Atlantic. In these years, the boreal spring warming in the northern tropical Atlantic that is a typical response to El Niño is pronounced, setting up a strong meridional SST gradient. This leads to a negative wind stress curl anomaly to the north of the equator that generates downwelling Rossby waves. When these waves reach the western boundary, they are reflected into downwelling equatorial Kelvin waves that reach the cold tongue region in late boreal summer to counteract the initial cooling that is due to the boreal winter wind stress response to El Niño. In contrast, this initial cooling persists or is amplified in years in which the boreal spring northern tropical Atlantic warming is weak or absent either because of a positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) phase or an early termination of the Pacific El Niño event.
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      On the Inconsistent Relationship between Pacific and Atlantic Niños

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    contributor authorLübbecke, Joke F.
    contributor authorMcPhaden, Michael J.
    date accessioned2017-06-09T17:05:19Z
    date available2017-06-09T17:05:19Z
    date copyright2012/06/01
    date issued2012
    identifier issn0894-8755
    identifier otherams-79201.pdf
    identifier urihttp://onlinelibrary.yabesh.ir/handle/yetl/4221954
    description abstracthe tropical Atlantic wind response to El Niño forcing is robust, with weakened northeast trade winds north of the equator and strengthened southeast trade winds along and south of the equator. However, the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific and Atlantic is inconsistent, with El Niño events followed sometimes by warm and other times by cold boreal summer anomalies in the Atlantic cold tongue region. Using observational data and a hindcast simulation of the Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO) global model at 0.5° resolution (NEMO-ORCA05), this inconsistent SST relationship is shown to be at least partly attributable to a delayed negative feedback in the tropical Atlantic that is active in years with a warm or neutral response in the eastern equatorial Atlantic. In these years, the boreal spring warming in the northern tropical Atlantic that is a typical response to El Niño is pronounced, setting up a strong meridional SST gradient. This leads to a negative wind stress curl anomaly to the north of the equator that generates downwelling Rossby waves. When these waves reach the western boundary, they are reflected into downwelling equatorial Kelvin waves that reach the cold tongue region in late boreal summer to counteract the initial cooling that is due to the boreal winter wind stress response to El Niño. In contrast, this initial cooling persists or is amplified in years in which the boreal spring northern tropical Atlantic warming is weak or absent either because of a positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) phase or an early termination of the Pacific El Niño event.
    publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
    titleOn the Inconsistent Relationship between Pacific and Atlantic Niños
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume25
    journal issue12
    journal titleJournal of Climate
    identifier doi10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00553.1
    journal fristpage4294
    journal lastpage4303
    treeJournal of Climate:;2012:;volume( 025 ):;issue: 012
    contenttypeFulltext
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