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    The CCSM4 Land Simulation, 1850–2005: Assessment of Surface Climate and New Capabilities

    Source: Journal of Climate:;2011:;volume( 025 ):;issue: 007::page 2240
    Author:
    Lawrence, David M.
    ,
    Oleson, Keith W.
    ,
    Flanner, Mark G.
    ,
    Fletcher, Christopher G.
    ,
    Lawrence, Peter J.
    ,
    Levis, Samuel
    ,
    Swenson, Sean C.
    ,
    Bonan, Gordon B.
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00103.1
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Abstract: his paper reviews developments for the Community Land Model, version 4 (CLM4), examines the land surface climate simulation of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4) compared to CCSM3, and assesses new earth system features of CLM4 within CCSM4. CLM4 incorporates a broad set of improvements including additions of a carbon?nitrogen (CN) biogeochemical model, an urban canyon model, and transient land cover and land use change, as well as revised soil and snow submodels.Several aspects of the surface climate simulation are improved in CCSM4. Improvements in the simulation of soil water storage, evapotranspiration, surface albedo, and permafrost that are apparent in offline CLM4 simulations are generally retained in CCSM4. The global land air temperature bias is reduced and the annual cycle is improved in many locations, especially at high latitudes. The global land precipitation bias is larger in CCSM4 because of bigger wet biases in central and southern Africa and Australia.New earth system capabilities are assessed. The present-day air temperature within urban areas is warmer than surrounding rural areas by 1°?2°C, which is comparable to or greater than the change in climate occurring over the last 130 years. The snow albedo feedback is more realistic and the radiative forcing of snow aerosol deposition is calculated as +0.083 W m?2 for present day. The land carbon flux due to land use, wildfire, and net ecosystem production is a source of carbon to the atmosphere throughout most of the historical simulation. CCSM4 is increasingly suited for studies of the role of land processes in climate and climate change.
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      The CCSM4 Land Simulation, 1850–2005: Assessment of Surface Climate and New Capabilities

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    http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4221596
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    contributor authorLawrence, David M.
    contributor authorOleson, Keith W.
    contributor authorFlanner, Mark G.
    contributor authorFletcher, Christopher G.
    contributor authorLawrence, Peter J.
    contributor authorLevis, Samuel
    contributor authorSwenson, Sean C.
    contributor authorBonan, Gordon B.
    date accessioned2017-06-09T17:04:04Z
    date available2017-06-09T17:04:04Z
    date copyright2012/04/01
    date issued2011
    identifier issn0894-8755
    identifier otherams-78879.pdf
    identifier urihttp://onlinelibrary.yabesh.ir/handle/yetl/4221596
    description abstracthis paper reviews developments for the Community Land Model, version 4 (CLM4), examines the land surface climate simulation of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4) compared to CCSM3, and assesses new earth system features of CLM4 within CCSM4. CLM4 incorporates a broad set of improvements including additions of a carbon?nitrogen (CN) biogeochemical model, an urban canyon model, and transient land cover and land use change, as well as revised soil and snow submodels.Several aspects of the surface climate simulation are improved in CCSM4. Improvements in the simulation of soil water storage, evapotranspiration, surface albedo, and permafrost that are apparent in offline CLM4 simulations are generally retained in CCSM4. The global land air temperature bias is reduced and the annual cycle is improved in many locations, especially at high latitudes. The global land precipitation bias is larger in CCSM4 because of bigger wet biases in central and southern Africa and Australia.New earth system capabilities are assessed. The present-day air temperature within urban areas is warmer than surrounding rural areas by 1°?2°C, which is comparable to or greater than the change in climate occurring over the last 130 years. The snow albedo feedback is more realistic and the radiative forcing of snow aerosol deposition is calculated as +0.083 W m?2 for present day. The land carbon flux due to land use, wildfire, and net ecosystem production is a source of carbon to the atmosphere throughout most of the historical simulation. CCSM4 is increasingly suited for studies of the role of land processes in climate and climate change.
    publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
    titleThe CCSM4 Land Simulation, 1850–2005: Assessment of Surface Climate and New Capabilities
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume25
    journal issue7
    journal titleJournal of Climate
    identifier doi10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00103.1
    journal fristpage2240
    journal lastpage2260
    treeJournal of Climate:;2011:;volume( 025 ):;issue: 007
    contenttypeFulltext
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