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    Impact of Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature on Developing El Niño

    Source: Journal of Climate:;2005:;volume( 018 ):;issue: 002::page 302
    Author:
    Annamalai, H.
    ,
    Xie, S. P.
    ,
    McCreary, J. P.
    ,
    Murtugudde, R.
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-3268.1
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Abstract: Prior to the 1976?77 climate shift (1950?76), sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean consisted of a basinwide warming during boreal fall of the developing phase of most El Niños, whereas after the shift (1977?99) they had an east?west asymmetry?a consequence of El Niño being associated with the Indian Ocean Dipole/Zonal mode. In this study, the possible impact of these contrasting SST patterns on the ongoing El Niño is investigated, using atmospheric reanalysis products and solutions to both an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) and a simple atmospheric model (LBM), with the latter used to identify basic processes. Specifically, analyses of reanalysis products during the El Niño onset indicate that after the climate shift a low-level anticyclone over the South China Sea was shifted into the Bay of Bengal and that equatorial westerly anomalies in the Pacific Ocean were considerably stronger. The present study focuses on determining influence of Indian Ocean SST on these changes. A suite of AGCM experiments, each consisting of a 10-member ensemble, is carried out to assess the relative importance of remote (Pacific) versus local (Indian Ocean) SST anomalies in determining precipitation anomalies over the equatorial Indian Ocean. Solutions indicate that both local and remote SST anomalies are necessary for realistic simulations, with convection in the tropical west Pacific and the subsequent development of the South China Sea anticyclone being particularly sensitive to Indian Ocean SST anomalies. Prior to the climate shift, the basinwide Indian Ocean SST anomalies generate an atmospheric Kelvin wave associated with easterly flow over the equatorial west-central Pacific, thereby weakening the westerly anomalies associated with the developing El Niño. In contrast, after the shift, the east?west contrast in Indian Ocean SST anomalies does not generate a significant Kelvin wave response, and there is little effect on the El Niño?induced westerlies. The Linear Baroclinic Model (LBM) solutions confirm the AGCM?s results.
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      Impact of Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature on Developing El Niño

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    http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4220341
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    contributor authorAnnamalai, H.
    contributor authorXie, S. P.
    contributor authorMcCreary, J. P.
    contributor authorMurtugudde, R.
    date accessioned2017-06-09T17:00:17Z
    date available2017-06-09T17:00:17Z
    date copyright2005/01/01
    date issued2005
    identifier issn0894-8755
    identifier otherams-77749.pdf
    identifier urihttp://onlinelibrary.yabesh.ir/handle/yetl/4220341
    description abstractPrior to the 1976?77 climate shift (1950?76), sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean consisted of a basinwide warming during boreal fall of the developing phase of most El Niños, whereas after the shift (1977?99) they had an east?west asymmetry?a consequence of El Niño being associated with the Indian Ocean Dipole/Zonal mode. In this study, the possible impact of these contrasting SST patterns on the ongoing El Niño is investigated, using atmospheric reanalysis products and solutions to both an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) and a simple atmospheric model (LBM), with the latter used to identify basic processes. Specifically, analyses of reanalysis products during the El Niño onset indicate that after the climate shift a low-level anticyclone over the South China Sea was shifted into the Bay of Bengal and that equatorial westerly anomalies in the Pacific Ocean were considerably stronger. The present study focuses on determining influence of Indian Ocean SST on these changes. A suite of AGCM experiments, each consisting of a 10-member ensemble, is carried out to assess the relative importance of remote (Pacific) versus local (Indian Ocean) SST anomalies in determining precipitation anomalies over the equatorial Indian Ocean. Solutions indicate that both local and remote SST anomalies are necessary for realistic simulations, with convection in the tropical west Pacific and the subsequent development of the South China Sea anticyclone being particularly sensitive to Indian Ocean SST anomalies. Prior to the climate shift, the basinwide Indian Ocean SST anomalies generate an atmospheric Kelvin wave associated with easterly flow over the equatorial west-central Pacific, thereby weakening the westerly anomalies associated with the developing El Niño. In contrast, after the shift, the east?west contrast in Indian Ocean SST anomalies does not generate a significant Kelvin wave response, and there is little effect on the El Niño?induced westerlies. The Linear Baroclinic Model (LBM) solutions confirm the AGCM?s results.
    publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
    titleImpact of Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature on Developing El Niño
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume18
    journal issue2
    journal titleJournal of Climate
    identifier doi10.1175/JCLI-3268.1
    journal fristpage302
    journal lastpage319
    treeJournal of Climate:;2005:;volume( 018 ):;issue: 002
    contenttypeFulltext
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    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2015  DuraSpace
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