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    Theory of Time-Dependent Freezing. Part II: Scheme for Freezing Raindrops and Simulations by a Cloud Model with Spectral Bin Microphysics

    Source: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences:;2014:;Volume( 072 ):;issue: 001::page 262
    Author:
    Phillips, Vaughan T. J.
    ,
    Khain, Alexander
    ,
    Benmoshe, Nir
    ,
    Ilotoviz, Eyal
    ,
    Ryzhkov, Alexander
    DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0376.1
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Abstract: he time-dependent process of raindrop freezing is described in a general form, including thermodynamic effects from the accretion of cloud liquid and cloud ice. Freezing drops (FDs) larger than 80 ?m (and their water mass) are represented explicitly in a cloud model with spectral bin microphysics. FDs consist of interior water covered by ice initially. Possibilities of both dry (icy surface) and wet growth (surface covered by liquid) of FDs are accounted for.Schemes of time-dependent freezing for rain (discussed in this paper) and wet growth of hail and graupel (discussed in Part I) were implemented in a spectral bin microphysics cloud model. The model predicted that accretion of liquid produces giant FDs of 0.5?2 cm in diameter, far larger than purely liquid drops can become. This growth of FDs is promoted by recirculation from the downdraft back into the updraft and by cessation of internal freezing from some accreted liquid remaining unfrozen (wet growth of FDs). Significant contents of FDs reach a height level of 7 km (?29°C) in the simulated storm. After FDs finish freezing and become hailstones, wet growth may resume. The critical diameter separating wet- and dry-growth regimes is predicted to increase with height for FDs and is more vertically uniform for hail.A sensitivity test shows that time-dependent freezing initially delays the formation of hail but later in the mature stage of the storm boosts it. Convection is invigorated. Hail and freezing drops are upwelled to higher levels, causing hail to grow to sizes up to 100% larger than without time-dependent freezing.
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      Theory of Time-Dependent Freezing. Part II: Scheme for Freezing Raindrops and Simulations by a Cloud Model with Spectral Bin Microphysics

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    http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4219446
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    contributor authorPhillips, Vaughan T. J.
    contributor authorKhain, Alexander
    contributor authorBenmoshe, Nir
    contributor authorIlotoviz, Eyal
    contributor authorRyzhkov, Alexander
    date accessioned2017-06-09T16:57:03Z
    date available2017-06-09T16:57:03Z
    date copyright2015/01/01
    date issued2014
    identifier issn0022-4928
    identifier otherams-76943.pdf
    identifier urihttp://onlinelibrary.yabesh.ir/handle/yetl/4219446
    description abstracthe time-dependent process of raindrop freezing is described in a general form, including thermodynamic effects from the accretion of cloud liquid and cloud ice. Freezing drops (FDs) larger than 80 ?m (and their water mass) are represented explicitly in a cloud model with spectral bin microphysics. FDs consist of interior water covered by ice initially. Possibilities of both dry (icy surface) and wet growth (surface covered by liquid) of FDs are accounted for.Schemes of time-dependent freezing for rain (discussed in this paper) and wet growth of hail and graupel (discussed in Part I) were implemented in a spectral bin microphysics cloud model. The model predicted that accretion of liquid produces giant FDs of 0.5?2 cm in diameter, far larger than purely liquid drops can become. This growth of FDs is promoted by recirculation from the downdraft back into the updraft and by cessation of internal freezing from some accreted liquid remaining unfrozen (wet growth of FDs). Significant contents of FDs reach a height level of 7 km (?29°C) in the simulated storm. After FDs finish freezing and become hailstones, wet growth may resume. The critical diameter separating wet- and dry-growth regimes is predicted to increase with height for FDs and is more vertically uniform for hail.A sensitivity test shows that time-dependent freezing initially delays the formation of hail but later in the mature stage of the storm boosts it. Convection is invigorated. Hail and freezing drops are upwelled to higher levels, causing hail to grow to sizes up to 100% larger than without time-dependent freezing.
    publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
    titleTheory of Time-Dependent Freezing. Part II: Scheme for Freezing Raindrops and Simulations by a Cloud Model with Spectral Bin Microphysics
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume72
    journal issue1
    journal titleJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences
    identifier doi10.1175/JAS-D-13-0376.1
    journal fristpage262
    journal lastpage286
    treeJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences:;2014:;Volume( 072 ):;issue: 001
    contenttypeFulltext
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    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2015  DuraSpace
    نرم افزار کتابخانه دیجیتال "دی اسپیس" فارسی شده توسط یابش برای کتابخانه های ایرانی | تماس با یابش
    yabeshDSpacePersian