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    The Origin, Pathway, and Destination of Niño-3 Water Estimated by a Simulated Passive Tracer and Its Adjoint

    Source: Journal of Physical Oceanography:;2004:;Volume( 034 ):;issue: 003::page 582
    Author:
    Fukumori, Ichiro
    ,
    Lee, Tong
    ,
    Cheng, Benny
    ,
    Menemenlis, Dimitris
    DOI: 10.1175/2515.1
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Abstract: The nature of subtropical?tropical water mass exchange in the Pacific Ocean is investigated, focusing on the origin, pathway, and destination of water occupying the surface layer of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean (Niño-3 region; 5°S?5°N, 150°?90°W). Simulated passive tracers and their adjoint are employed to explicitly follow the circulation of specific water masses accounting for advective and diffusive effects and their time variabilities. The evolution of the forward passive tracer and adjoint passive tracer can be identified as describing where the tracer-tagged water mass goes and from where it comes, respectively. Over 10 years on average, water mass of the Niño-3 region can be traced back to eastern subtropical thermocline waters of the Northern (27%) and Southern Hemispheres (39%). The Niño-3 water subsequently returns to these subtropical latitudes in the upper ocean. In contrast to the hypothesized ?subtropical cell,? however, this circulation is an open circuit with water returning to the western regions of the two hemispheres (subtropical gyres) and to the Indian Ocean, instead of returning to its origins. The representative transit time scale from the subtropics to the Tropics is 10?15 yr. Temporal variability causes the tropical circulation inferred from a time-mean state to differ significantly from the average circulation. In particular, stirring due to nonseasonal, intra-annual variability significantly enhances the transport magnitude of the so-called interior pathways relative to that of the circuitous low-latitude western boundary pathways. Such short-circuit in the subtropical?tropical exchange may help better to explain tracer distributions, such as the observed midbasin tritium maximum in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Significant differences in circulation pathways are also identified that are associated with El Niño and La Niña events. The strength of the subtropical?tropical water mass exchange is estimated to have weakened during the 1990s.
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      The Origin, Pathway, and Destination of Niño-3 Water Estimated by a Simulated Passive Tracer and Its Adjoint

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    contributor authorFukumori, Ichiro
    contributor authorLee, Tong
    contributor authorCheng, Benny
    contributor authorMenemenlis, Dimitris
    date accessioned2017-06-09T16:41:37Z
    date available2017-06-09T16:41:37Z
    date copyright2004/03/01
    date issued2004
    identifier issn0022-3670
    identifier otherams-72344.pdf
    identifier urihttp://onlinelibrary.yabesh.ir/handle/yetl/4214337
    description abstractThe nature of subtropical?tropical water mass exchange in the Pacific Ocean is investigated, focusing on the origin, pathway, and destination of water occupying the surface layer of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean (Niño-3 region; 5°S?5°N, 150°?90°W). Simulated passive tracers and their adjoint are employed to explicitly follow the circulation of specific water masses accounting for advective and diffusive effects and their time variabilities. The evolution of the forward passive tracer and adjoint passive tracer can be identified as describing where the tracer-tagged water mass goes and from where it comes, respectively. Over 10 years on average, water mass of the Niño-3 region can be traced back to eastern subtropical thermocline waters of the Northern (27%) and Southern Hemispheres (39%). The Niño-3 water subsequently returns to these subtropical latitudes in the upper ocean. In contrast to the hypothesized ?subtropical cell,? however, this circulation is an open circuit with water returning to the western regions of the two hemispheres (subtropical gyres) and to the Indian Ocean, instead of returning to its origins. The representative transit time scale from the subtropics to the Tropics is 10?15 yr. Temporal variability causes the tropical circulation inferred from a time-mean state to differ significantly from the average circulation. In particular, stirring due to nonseasonal, intra-annual variability significantly enhances the transport magnitude of the so-called interior pathways relative to that of the circuitous low-latitude western boundary pathways. Such short-circuit in the subtropical?tropical exchange may help better to explain tracer distributions, such as the observed midbasin tritium maximum in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Significant differences in circulation pathways are also identified that are associated with El Niño and La Niña events. The strength of the subtropical?tropical water mass exchange is estimated to have weakened during the 1990s.
    publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
    titleThe Origin, Pathway, and Destination of Niño-3 Water Estimated by a Simulated Passive Tracer and Its Adjoint
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume34
    journal issue3
    journal titleJournal of Physical Oceanography
    identifier doi10.1175/2515.1
    journal fristpage582
    journal lastpage604
    treeJournal of Physical Oceanography:;2004:;Volume( 034 ):;issue: 003
    contenttypeFulltext
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    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2015  DuraSpace
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