Relative Humidity Effect on the High-Frequency Attenuation of Water Vapor Flux Measured by a Closed-Path Eddy Covariance System

Abstract

In this study the high-frequency loss of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O) fluxes, measured by a closed-path eddy covariance system, were studied, and the related correction factors through the cospectral transfer function method were calculated. As already reported by other studies, it was found that the age of the sampling tube is a relevant factor to consider when estimating the spectral correction of water vapor fluxes. Moreover, a time-dependent relationship between the characteristic time constant (or response time) for water vapor and the ambient relative humidity was disclosed. Such dependence is negligible when the sampling tube is new, but it becomes important already when the tube is only 1 yr old and increases with the age of the tube. With a new sampling tube, the correction of water vapor flux measurements over a Scots pine forest in Hyytiälä, Finland, amounted on average to 7%. After 4 yr the correction increased strongly, ranging from 10%?15% during the summer to 30%?40% in wintertime, when the relative humidity is typically high. For this site the effective correction improved the long-term energy and water balance. Results suggest that the relative humidity effect on high-frequency loss of water vapor flux should be taken into account and that the effective transfer function should be estimated experimentally at least once per year. On the other hand, this high correction can be avoided by a correct choice and periodic maintenance of the eddy covariance system tube, for example, by cleaning or changing it at least once per year.