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    Are Changes in Global Precipitation Constrained by the Tropospheric Energy Budget?

    Source: Journal of Climate:;2009:;volume( 022 ):;issue: 003::page 499
    Author:
    Lambert, F. Hugo
    ,
    Allen, Myles R.
    DOI: 10.1175/2008JCLI2135.1
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Abstract: A tropospheric energy budget argument is used to analyze twentieth-century precipitation changes. It is found that global and ocean-mean general circulation model (GCM) precipitation changes can be understood as being due to the competing direct and surface-temperature-dependent effects of external climate forcings. In agreement with previous work, precipitation is found to respond more strongly to anthropogenic and volcanic sulfate aerosol and solar forcing than to greenhouse gas and black carbon aerosol forcing per unit temperature. This is due to the significant direct effects of greenhouse gas and black carbon forcing. Given that the relative importance of different forcings may change in the twenty-first century, the ratio of global precipitation change to global temperature change may be quite different. Differences in GCM twentieth- and twenty-first-century values are tractable via the energy budget framework in some, but not all, models. Changes in land-mean precipitation, on the other hand, cannot be understood at all with the method used here, even if land?ocean heat transfer is considered. In conclusion, the tropospheric energy budget is a useful concept for understanding the precipitation response to different forcings but it does not fully explain precipitation changes even in the global mean.
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      Are Changes in Global Precipitation Constrained by the Tropospheric Energy Budget?

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    http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4208422
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    contributor authorLambert, F. Hugo
    contributor authorAllen, Myles R.
    date accessioned2017-06-09T16:23:30Z
    date available2017-06-09T16:23:30Z
    date copyright2009/02/01
    date issued2009
    identifier issn0894-8755
    identifier otherams-67021.pdf
    identifier urihttp://onlinelibrary.yabesh.ir/handle/yetl/4208422
    description abstractA tropospheric energy budget argument is used to analyze twentieth-century precipitation changes. It is found that global and ocean-mean general circulation model (GCM) precipitation changes can be understood as being due to the competing direct and surface-temperature-dependent effects of external climate forcings. In agreement with previous work, precipitation is found to respond more strongly to anthropogenic and volcanic sulfate aerosol and solar forcing than to greenhouse gas and black carbon aerosol forcing per unit temperature. This is due to the significant direct effects of greenhouse gas and black carbon forcing. Given that the relative importance of different forcings may change in the twenty-first century, the ratio of global precipitation change to global temperature change may be quite different. Differences in GCM twentieth- and twenty-first-century values are tractable via the energy budget framework in some, but not all, models. Changes in land-mean precipitation, on the other hand, cannot be understood at all with the method used here, even if land?ocean heat transfer is considered. In conclusion, the tropospheric energy budget is a useful concept for understanding the precipitation response to different forcings but it does not fully explain precipitation changes even in the global mean.
    publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
    titleAre Changes in Global Precipitation Constrained by the Tropospheric Energy Budget?
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume22
    journal issue3
    journal titleJournal of Climate
    identifier doi10.1175/2008JCLI2135.1
    journal fristpage499
    journal lastpage517
    treeJournal of Climate:;2009:;volume( 022 ):;issue: 003
    contenttypeFulltext
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