Radiative–Convective Feedbacks in Idealized States of Radiative–Convective Equilibrium

Abstract

This paper examines feedbacks between the radiative heating of clouds and convection in the context of numerical radiative?convective equilibrium experiments conducted using both 2D and 3D versions of a cloud-resolving model. The experiments are conducted on a large domain, and equilibria develop as juxtaposed regions of dry and moist air that are connected and sustained by circulations between them. The scales of such variability are large and differ significantly between the 2D and 3D versions of the experiments. Three sensitivity experiments were conducted which, when compared to the control experiment, provide insight into the relative influences of cloud?radiation feedback mechanisms on the equilibrium state achieved. It emerges from the experiments conducted that radiation feedbacks operate via two main pathways, with the radiative heating by high clouds being the governing process of both. The predominant bimodal nature of the moist equilibrium is established by gradients in radiative heating that, in turn, are determined by high cloud differences between wet and dry regions that, in turn, are controlled by convection. Convection, on the other hand, is also influenced by the localized effects of cloud radiative heating by these extended layers of high clouds. The results of the experiments demonstrate how high cloud radiative heating, which is a by-product of the convection itself, provides a feedback that acts to regulate the high clouds produced in the wet convective areas of the equilibrium.