Rapid Filamentation Zone in a Numerically Simulated Tropical Cyclone

Abstract

In a recent study, Rozoff et al. proposed a possible mechanism to explain the formation and maintenance of the weak-echo annulus (or moat) outside of the primary eyewall of a tropical cyclone observed in radar images. By this mechanism, the moat is determined to be a region of the strain-dominated flow outside of the radius of maximum wind in which essentially all fields are filamented and deep convection is hypothesized to be highly distorted and even suppressed. This strain-dominated region is defined as the rapid filamentation zone wherein the filamentation time is shorter than the overturning time of deep convection. An attempt has been made in this study to test the hypothesis in a full-physics tropical cyclone model under idealized conditions and to extend the concept to the study of the inner-core dynamics of tropical cyclones. The foci of this paper are the evolution of the rapid filamentation zone during the storm intensification, the potential roles of rapid filamentation in the organization of inner spiral rainbands, and the damping of high azimuthal wavenumber asymmetries in the tropical cyclone inner core. The presented results show that instead of suppressing deep convection, the strain flow in the rapid filamentation zone outside the elevated potential vorticity core provides a favorable environment for the organized inner spiral rainbands, which generally have time scales of several hours, much longer than the typical overturning time scale of individual convective clouds. Although the moat in the simulated tropical cyclone is located in the rapid filamentation zone, it is mainly controlled by the subsidence associated with the overturning flow from eyewall convection and downdrafts from the anvil stratiform precipitation outside of the eyewall. It is thus suggested that rapid filamentation is likely to play a secondary role in the formation of the moat in tropical cyclones. Although the deformation field is determined primarily by the structure of the tropical cyclone, it can have a considerable effect on the evolution of the storm. Because of strong straining deformation, asymmetries with azimuthal wavenumber >4 are found to be damped effectively in the rapid filamentation zone. The filamentation time thus provides a quantitative measure of the stabilization and axisymmetrization of high-wavenumber asymmetries in the inner core by shearing deformation and filamentation.