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    Large-Scale Antecedent Conditions Associated with the 12–14 March 1993 Cyclone (“Superstorm '93”) over Eastern North America

    Source: Monthly Weather Review:;1996:;volume( 124 ):;issue: 009::page 1865
    Author:
    Bosart, Lance F.
    ,
    Hakim, Gregory J.
    ,
    Tyle, Kevin R.
    ,
    Bedrick, Mary A.
    ,
    Bracken, W. Edward
    ,
    Dickinson, Michael J.
    ,
    Schultz, David M.
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<1865:LSACAW>2.0.CO;2
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Abstract: The results of a multiscale analysis of the 12?14 March 1993 superstonn (SS93) over eastern North America are presented. A time sequence of overlapping 10-day time-mean 5OO-hPa geopotential height and anomaly composites shows that the Northern Hemisphere (NH) flow pattern from 18 February to 15 March 1993 is characterized by 1) three persistent troughs situated over eastern Asia and the northwestern Pacific, over eastern North America, and over northwestern Africa and southwestern Europe eastward to central Russia; and 2) a massive blocking anticyclone located over the central and eastern Atlantic. Beginning 8?9 March 1993 the planetary-scale flow amplifies substantially. The explosive SS93 cyclogenesis and the transport of cold air to very low latitudes occurs a few days later as the NH available potential energy content, after peaking on 9 March 1993, decreases by about 6%?7%. A dynamical tropopause analysis is used to track coherent transient potential vorticity (PV) anomalies and show their qualitative interaction with the planetary-scale flow. SS93 is attributed to the interaction and eventual merger of strong PV anomalies embedded in the northern and southern branches of the westerlies in a background confluent northwesterly flow associated with an amplifying positive-phase Pacific?North American flow pattern. The northern PV anomaly originates in southwestern Canada on 18 February and circumnavigates the NH at relatively high latitudes, a track that permits it to maintain arctic characteristics prior to merger. The southern PV anomalies, tracked from Europe and western Asia eastward across the Pacific, reach North America by 11 March 1993 where they become associated with widespread convention over southern Texas and the northwestern Gulf of Mexico beginning 12 March 1993. The unique aspects of SS93 are attributed to 1) the near simultaneous amplification of the planetary-scale flow and the lateral and vertical interaction of individual PV anomalies cast of the Rockies during the merger process, and 2) the lag of the northern PV anomaly relative to the southern anomaly so that a baroclinic zone containing lower-tropospheric air of significant conditional instability is allowed to remain in place over southern Texas and the northwest Gulf of Mexico in the cyclogenetic environment ahead of the northern PV anomaly.
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      Large-Scale Antecedent Conditions Associated with the 12–14 March 1993 Cyclone (“Superstorm '93”) over Eastern North America

    URI
    http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4203702
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    • Monthly Weather Review

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    contributor authorBosart, Lance F.
    contributor authorHakim, Gregory J.
    contributor authorTyle, Kevin R.
    contributor authorBedrick, Mary A.
    contributor authorBracken, W. Edward
    contributor authorDickinson, Michael J.
    contributor authorSchultz, David M.
    date accessioned2017-06-09T16:10:58Z
    date available2017-06-09T16:10:58Z
    date copyright1996/09/01
    date issued1996
    identifier issn0027-0644
    identifier otherams-62773.pdf
    identifier urihttp://onlinelibrary.yabesh.ir/handle/yetl/4203702
    description abstractThe results of a multiscale analysis of the 12?14 March 1993 superstonn (SS93) over eastern North America are presented. A time sequence of overlapping 10-day time-mean 5OO-hPa geopotential height and anomaly composites shows that the Northern Hemisphere (NH) flow pattern from 18 February to 15 March 1993 is characterized by 1) three persistent troughs situated over eastern Asia and the northwestern Pacific, over eastern North America, and over northwestern Africa and southwestern Europe eastward to central Russia; and 2) a massive blocking anticyclone located over the central and eastern Atlantic. Beginning 8?9 March 1993 the planetary-scale flow amplifies substantially. The explosive SS93 cyclogenesis and the transport of cold air to very low latitudes occurs a few days later as the NH available potential energy content, after peaking on 9 March 1993, decreases by about 6%?7%. A dynamical tropopause analysis is used to track coherent transient potential vorticity (PV) anomalies and show their qualitative interaction with the planetary-scale flow. SS93 is attributed to the interaction and eventual merger of strong PV anomalies embedded in the northern and southern branches of the westerlies in a background confluent northwesterly flow associated with an amplifying positive-phase Pacific?North American flow pattern. The northern PV anomaly originates in southwestern Canada on 18 February and circumnavigates the NH at relatively high latitudes, a track that permits it to maintain arctic characteristics prior to merger. The southern PV anomalies, tracked from Europe and western Asia eastward across the Pacific, reach North America by 11 March 1993 where they become associated with widespread convention over southern Texas and the northwestern Gulf of Mexico beginning 12 March 1993. The unique aspects of SS93 are attributed to 1) the near simultaneous amplification of the planetary-scale flow and the lateral and vertical interaction of individual PV anomalies cast of the Rockies during the merger process, and 2) the lag of the northern PV anomaly relative to the southern anomaly so that a baroclinic zone containing lower-tropospheric air of significant conditional instability is allowed to remain in place over southern Texas and the northwest Gulf of Mexico in the cyclogenetic environment ahead of the northern PV anomaly.
    publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
    titleLarge-Scale Antecedent Conditions Associated with the 12–14 March 1993 Cyclone (“Superstorm '93”) over Eastern North America
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume124
    journal issue9
    journal titleMonthly Weather Review
    identifier doi10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<1865:LSACAW>2.0.CO;2
    journal fristpage1865
    journal lastpage1891
    treeMonthly Weather Review:;1996:;volume( 124 ):;issue: 009
    contenttypeFulltext
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