A Vertically Integrated Primitive-Equation Model

Abstract

The primitive equations are integrated with respect to the vertical coordinate, sigma. The resulting equations contain vertical eddy terms arising from non-linearities. These eddies are parameterized using a standard-atmosphere temperature distribution and a linear jet wind profile independent of horizontal position. The model includes topography and is capable of responding to diabatic heating. Experiments with and without the continuity equation are carried out, and a comparison is made with barotropic forecasts. Exclusion of the mass continuity condition results in superior forecasts, especially near high terrain.