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    Large-Scale Atmospheric Forcing of Recent Trends toward Early Snowmelt Runoff in California

    Source: Journal of Climate:;1995:;volume( 008 ):;issue: 003::page 606
    Author:
    Dettinger, Michael D.
    ,
    Cayan, Daniel R.
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<0606:LSAFOR>2.0.CO;2
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Abstract: Since the late 1940s, snowmelt and runoff have come increasingly early in the water year in many basins in northern and central California. This subtle trend is most pronounced in moderate-altitude basins, which are sensitive to changes in mean winter temperatures. Such basins have broad areas in which winter temperatures are near enough to freezing that small increases result initially in the formation of less snow and eventually in early snowmelt. In moderate-altitude basins of California, a declining fraction of the annual runoff has come in April?June. This decline has been compensated by increased fractions of runoff at other, mostly earlier, times in the water year. Weather stations in central California, including the central Sierra Nevada, have shown trends toward warmer winters since the 1940s. A series of regression analyses indicate that runoff timing responds equally to the observed decadal-scale trends in winter temperature and interannual temperature variations of the same magnitude, suggesting that the temperature trend is sufficient to explain the runoff-timing trends. The immediate cause of the trend toward warmer winters in California is a concurrent, long-term fluctuation in winter atmospheric circulations over the North Pacific Ocean and North America that is not immediately distinguishable from natural atmospheric variability. The fluctuation began to affect California in the 1940s, when the region of strongest low-frequency variation of winter circulations shifted to a part of the central North Pacific Ocean that is teleconnected to California temperatures. Since the late 1940s, winter wind fields have been displaced progressively southward over the central North Pacific and northward over the west coast of North America. These shifts in atmospheric circulations are associated with concurrent shifts in both West Coast air temperatures and North Pacific sea surface temperatures.
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      Large-Scale Atmospheric Forcing of Recent Trends toward Early Snowmelt Runoff in California

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    http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4181868
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    • Journal of Climate

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    contributor authorDettinger, Michael D.
    contributor authorCayan, Daniel R.
    date accessioned2017-06-09T15:25:02Z
    date available2017-06-09T15:25:02Z
    date copyright1995/03/01
    date issued1995
    identifier issn0894-8755
    identifier otherams-4312.pdf
    identifier urihttp://onlinelibrary.yabesh.ir/handle/yetl/4181868
    description abstractSince the late 1940s, snowmelt and runoff have come increasingly early in the water year in many basins in northern and central California. This subtle trend is most pronounced in moderate-altitude basins, which are sensitive to changes in mean winter temperatures. Such basins have broad areas in which winter temperatures are near enough to freezing that small increases result initially in the formation of less snow and eventually in early snowmelt. In moderate-altitude basins of California, a declining fraction of the annual runoff has come in April?June. This decline has been compensated by increased fractions of runoff at other, mostly earlier, times in the water year. Weather stations in central California, including the central Sierra Nevada, have shown trends toward warmer winters since the 1940s. A series of regression analyses indicate that runoff timing responds equally to the observed decadal-scale trends in winter temperature and interannual temperature variations of the same magnitude, suggesting that the temperature trend is sufficient to explain the runoff-timing trends. The immediate cause of the trend toward warmer winters in California is a concurrent, long-term fluctuation in winter atmospheric circulations over the North Pacific Ocean and North America that is not immediately distinguishable from natural atmospheric variability. The fluctuation began to affect California in the 1940s, when the region of strongest low-frequency variation of winter circulations shifted to a part of the central North Pacific Ocean that is teleconnected to California temperatures. Since the late 1940s, winter wind fields have been displaced progressively southward over the central North Pacific and northward over the west coast of North America. These shifts in atmospheric circulations are associated with concurrent shifts in both West Coast air temperatures and North Pacific sea surface temperatures.
    publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
    titleLarge-Scale Atmospheric Forcing of Recent Trends toward Early Snowmelt Runoff in California
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume8
    journal issue3
    journal titleJournal of Climate
    identifier doi10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<0606:LSAFOR>2.0.CO;2
    journal fristpage606
    journal lastpage623
    treeJournal of Climate:;1995:;volume( 008 ):;issue: 003
    contenttypeFulltext
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