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    Annual ENSO

    Source: Journal of Physical Oceanography:;2003:;Volume( 033 ):;issue: 008::page 1564
    Author:
    Tozuka, Tomoki
    ,
    Yamagata, Toshio
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(2003)033<1564:AE>2.0.CO;2
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Abstract: Using various observational data, the seasonal cycle of the tropical Pacific is investigated, suggesting the existence of an ?annual El Niño?Southern Oscillation (ENSO).? A positive sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) appearing off Peru in boreal winter triggers a series of air?sea interactions that consist of westward propagations of positive SSTA, westerly wind anomalies, and negative outgoing longwave radiation anomalies. At the same time, the westerly wind anomaly generates cold temperature anomalies in the off-equatorial region, and they propagate westward as a ?cold? Rossby wave, reaching the western tropical Pacific in boreal summer to autumn. A semiresonant condition between the westward propagating component of winds and the first-meridional-mode Rossby wave plays an important role in the amplification. The evolution of cold phase in the latter half of the year is almost a mirror image of the warm phase. From a new viewpoint of the annual ENSO, the ENSO is interpreted as the interaction between two distinct modes of air?sea interaction: the annual ENSO mode and an ?interannual ENSO? mode. The eastward-propagating interannual ENSO mode is an air?sea coupled mode, which is triggered by the westerly wind stress anomaly in the western equatorial Pacific and leads to the deepening of the thermocline and the warming of SST in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. This results in a modulation of the annual ENSO mode with a weaker cold season and stronger warm season owing to less effective upwelling of the cold subsurface water. The decadal variation of ENSO is explained by changes in the relative phase and amplitude of these two modes. The increase in the amplitude of the interannual ENSO mode after the late 1970s favors the appearance of the eastward propagation of ENSO signals.
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      Annual ENSO

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    contributor authorTozuka, Tomoki
    contributor authorYamagata, Toshio
    date accessioned2017-06-09T14:55:48Z
    date available2017-06-09T14:55:48Z
    date copyright2003/08/01
    date issued2003
    identifier issn0022-3670
    identifier otherams-29896.pdf
    identifier urihttp://onlinelibrary.yabesh.ir/handle/yetl/4167173
    description abstractUsing various observational data, the seasonal cycle of the tropical Pacific is investigated, suggesting the existence of an ?annual El Niño?Southern Oscillation (ENSO).? A positive sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) appearing off Peru in boreal winter triggers a series of air?sea interactions that consist of westward propagations of positive SSTA, westerly wind anomalies, and negative outgoing longwave radiation anomalies. At the same time, the westerly wind anomaly generates cold temperature anomalies in the off-equatorial region, and they propagate westward as a ?cold? Rossby wave, reaching the western tropical Pacific in boreal summer to autumn. A semiresonant condition between the westward propagating component of winds and the first-meridional-mode Rossby wave plays an important role in the amplification. The evolution of cold phase in the latter half of the year is almost a mirror image of the warm phase. From a new viewpoint of the annual ENSO, the ENSO is interpreted as the interaction between two distinct modes of air?sea interaction: the annual ENSO mode and an ?interannual ENSO? mode. The eastward-propagating interannual ENSO mode is an air?sea coupled mode, which is triggered by the westerly wind stress anomaly in the western equatorial Pacific and leads to the deepening of the thermocline and the warming of SST in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. This results in a modulation of the annual ENSO mode with a weaker cold season and stronger warm season owing to less effective upwelling of the cold subsurface water. The decadal variation of ENSO is explained by changes in the relative phase and amplitude of these two modes. The increase in the amplitude of the interannual ENSO mode after the late 1970s favors the appearance of the eastward propagation of ENSO signals.
    publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
    titleAnnual ENSO
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume33
    journal issue8
    journal titleJournal of Physical Oceanography
    identifier doi10.1175/1520-0485(2003)033<1564:AE>2.0.CO;2
    journal fristpage1564
    journal lastpage1578
    treeJournal of Physical Oceanography:;2003:;Volume( 033 ):;issue: 008
    contenttypeFulltext
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    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2015  DuraSpace
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