Airborne Measurements of the Wavenumber Spectra of Ocean Surface Waves. Part II: Directional Distribution

Abstract

An airborne scanning lidar system acquires three-dimensional (3D) spatial topography of ocean surface waves. From the spatial data, wavenumber spectra are computed directly. The spectral properties in terms of the spectral slope and dimensionless spectral coefficient have been verified to be in very good agreement with existing data. One of the unique features of the 3D spatial data is its exceptional directional resolution. Directional properties such as the wavenumber dependence of the directional spreading function and the evolution of bimodal development are investigated with these high-resolution, phase-resolving spatial measurements. Equations for the spreading parameters, the lobe angle, and the lobe ratio are established from the airborne scanning lidar datasets. Fourier decomposition of the measured directional distribution is presented. The directional parameters can be represented by a small number (4) of the Fourier components. The measured directional distributions are compared with numerical experiments of nonlinear wave simulations to explore the functional form of the dissipation source term.