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    Variability of Potential Energy, Dynamic Height and Salinity in the Main Pycnocline of the Western North Atlantic

    Source: Journal of Physical Oceanography:;1979:;Volume( 009 ):;issue: 006::page 1073
    Author:
    Ebbesmeyer, Curtis C.
    ,
    Taft, Bruce A.
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(1979)009<1073:VOPEDH>2.0.CO;2
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Abstract: Hydrographic data in the upper 2 km from the period 1914?73 have been analyzed in the western North Atlantic (22?36°N, 66?74°W). Expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data were also analyzed and compared with the hydrographic data. Means and standard deviations of the 15 and 17°C depths are comparable for the two data sets if only those XBT's reaching 700 m depth are used. Biased statistics result from use of a mixture of deep (T-7) and shallow (T-4) XBT'S. Evident in the main pycnocline (?500?1200 m depth) are statistically significant vertical and horizontal changes of potential energy, dynamic height standard deviation (σ?D and salinity standard deviation (σs) on potential density surfaces. North of 28°N, which lies at the southern boundary of the Gulf Stream Return Flow, potential energy and σ?D both increase markedly toward the north and west. Although the increase in frequency of Gulf Stream Rings toward the Gulf Stream contributes to the gradient, the pattern is not associated solely with Rings, i.e., there are contributions from less energetic features. South of the Return Flow there is a narrow eastward flowing countercurrent which has its maximum expression above 200 db. At the southern boundary of the Return Flow the high-salinity tongue of Mediterranean Sea Water is centered near 29°N between 600 and 1700 m. The tongue abruptly ends near the western boundary; comparison with maps drawn from selected stations suggests that the axis of the tongue varies considerably in latitude. The σs decreases from largest values at shallow depth to a minimum near 18°C; there is a two- to three- fold increase to a maximum in the main pycnocline; and below the pycnocline the values decrease three- to fivefold. This σs vertical structure is uniform within the region whereas there is a marked horizontal variation of potential energy and σ?D. The vertical variation of potential energy south of 30°N is small but north of this latitude maximum potential energy occurs in a tongue centered in the main pycnocline.
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      Variability of Potential Energy, Dynamic Height and Salinity in the Main Pycnocline of the Western North Atlantic

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    contributor authorEbbesmeyer, Curtis C.
    contributor authorTaft, Bruce A.
    date accessioned2017-06-09T14:45:14Z
    date available2017-06-09T14:45:14Z
    date copyright1979/11/01
    date issued1979
    identifier issn0022-3670
    identifier otherams-25984.pdf
    identifier urihttp://onlinelibrary.yabesh.ir/handle/yetl/4162827
    description abstractHydrographic data in the upper 2 km from the period 1914?73 have been analyzed in the western North Atlantic (22?36°N, 66?74°W). Expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data were also analyzed and compared with the hydrographic data. Means and standard deviations of the 15 and 17°C depths are comparable for the two data sets if only those XBT's reaching 700 m depth are used. Biased statistics result from use of a mixture of deep (T-7) and shallow (T-4) XBT'S. Evident in the main pycnocline (?500?1200 m depth) are statistically significant vertical and horizontal changes of potential energy, dynamic height standard deviation (σ?D and salinity standard deviation (σs) on potential density surfaces. North of 28°N, which lies at the southern boundary of the Gulf Stream Return Flow, potential energy and σ?D both increase markedly toward the north and west. Although the increase in frequency of Gulf Stream Rings toward the Gulf Stream contributes to the gradient, the pattern is not associated solely with Rings, i.e., there are contributions from less energetic features. South of the Return Flow there is a narrow eastward flowing countercurrent which has its maximum expression above 200 db. At the southern boundary of the Return Flow the high-salinity tongue of Mediterranean Sea Water is centered near 29°N between 600 and 1700 m. The tongue abruptly ends near the western boundary; comparison with maps drawn from selected stations suggests that the axis of the tongue varies considerably in latitude. The σs decreases from largest values at shallow depth to a minimum near 18°C; there is a two- to three- fold increase to a maximum in the main pycnocline; and below the pycnocline the values decrease three- to fivefold. This σs vertical structure is uniform within the region whereas there is a marked horizontal variation of potential energy and σ?D. The vertical variation of potential energy south of 30°N is small but north of this latitude maximum potential energy occurs in a tongue centered in the main pycnocline.
    publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
    titleVariability of Potential Energy, Dynamic Height and Salinity in the Main Pycnocline of the Western North Atlantic
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume9
    journal issue6
    journal titleJournal of Physical Oceanography
    identifier doi10.1175/1520-0485(1979)009<1073:VOPEDH>2.0.CO;2
    journal fristpage1073
    journal lastpage1089
    treeJournal of Physical Oceanography:;1979:;Volume( 009 ):;issue: 006
    contenttypeFulltext
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