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    A Numerical Calculation of the Circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean

    Source: Journal of Physical Oceanography:;1972:;Volume( 002 ):;issue: 004::page 336
    Author:
    Holland, William R.
    ,
    Hirschman, Alan D.
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(1972)002<0336:ANCOTC>2.0.CO;2
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Abstract: A series of numerical experiments are carried out to simulate the three-dimensional circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean and to examine the dynamics therein. The calculations are partly diagnostic in that the density field is not predicted but is given from observations. The main predicted quantities are the velocity and pressure fields. The results of the basic experiment are compared with observations. The surface currents are quite similar to observations based upon ship drift data, and the surface pressure field is nearly identical to the height of the free surface constructed from a level-of-no-motion hypothesis. The deep pressure variations are nowhere flat or level, however, and the predicted deep currents are quite complex. They are, in fact, strongly controlled by bottom topography and tend to follow f/H contours, where f is the Coriolis parameter and H the depth. The Gulf Stream transport is quite large, reaching a maximum value of 81?106 m3 sec?1, despite the lack of important inertial effects in the western boundary current. Subsidiary experiments show that this large transport value results from an important interaction between the variable density field and bottom topography in the western North Atlantic. When in one experiment the density field was a homogeneous one and in another the depth was constant, the maximum transports in the western boundary current were only 14 and 28?106 m3 sec?1, respectively. Other experiments show that the details of the wind-stress distribution are unimportant when the density field is known; the density field contains most of the information about the long term wind driving. For example, when the wind stress is set equal to zero everywhere (but the density field is maintained in its observed configuration), the Gulf Stream transport is reduced by only 5%. Thus, the pressure torques associated with bottom topography provide the main vorticity input. Finally, it is shown that the results discussed in the basic experiment are not very sensitive to the details of the density field used in the calculation. When these data are highly smoothed and used in a subsidiary calculation, the important features, such as the enhanced transport in the Gulf Stream and the topographic steering of currents in the deep ocean, are unchanged.
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      A Numerical Calculation of the Circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean

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    http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4162091
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    contributor authorHolland, William R.
    contributor authorHirschman, Alan D.
    date accessioned2017-06-09T14:43:36Z
    date available2017-06-09T14:43:36Z
    date copyright1972/10/01
    date issued1972
    identifier issn0022-3670
    identifier otherams-25320.pdf
    identifier urihttp://onlinelibrary.yabesh.ir/handle/yetl/4162091
    description abstractA series of numerical experiments are carried out to simulate the three-dimensional circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean and to examine the dynamics therein. The calculations are partly diagnostic in that the density field is not predicted but is given from observations. The main predicted quantities are the velocity and pressure fields. The results of the basic experiment are compared with observations. The surface currents are quite similar to observations based upon ship drift data, and the surface pressure field is nearly identical to the height of the free surface constructed from a level-of-no-motion hypothesis. The deep pressure variations are nowhere flat or level, however, and the predicted deep currents are quite complex. They are, in fact, strongly controlled by bottom topography and tend to follow f/H contours, where f is the Coriolis parameter and H the depth. The Gulf Stream transport is quite large, reaching a maximum value of 81?106 m3 sec?1, despite the lack of important inertial effects in the western boundary current. Subsidiary experiments show that this large transport value results from an important interaction between the variable density field and bottom topography in the western North Atlantic. When in one experiment the density field was a homogeneous one and in another the depth was constant, the maximum transports in the western boundary current were only 14 and 28?106 m3 sec?1, respectively. Other experiments show that the details of the wind-stress distribution are unimportant when the density field is known; the density field contains most of the information about the long term wind driving. For example, when the wind stress is set equal to zero everywhere (but the density field is maintained in its observed configuration), the Gulf Stream transport is reduced by only 5%. Thus, the pressure torques associated with bottom topography provide the main vorticity input. Finally, it is shown that the results discussed in the basic experiment are not very sensitive to the details of the density field used in the calculation. When these data are highly smoothed and used in a subsidiary calculation, the important features, such as the enhanced transport in the Gulf Stream and the topographic steering of currents in the deep ocean, are unchanged.
    publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
    titleA Numerical Calculation of the Circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume2
    journal issue4
    journal titleJournal of Physical Oceanography
    identifier doi10.1175/1520-0485(1972)002<0336:ANCOTC>2.0.CO;2
    journal fristpage336
    journal lastpage354
    treeJournal of Physical Oceanography:;1972:;Volume( 002 ):;issue: 004
    contenttypeFulltext
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    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2015  DuraSpace
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