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    The Structure of the Unstable Marine Boundary Layer Viewed by Lidar and Aircraft Observations

    Source: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences:;1986:;Volume( 043 ):;issue: 013::page 1301
    Author:
    Atlas, David
    ,
    Walter, Bernard
    ,
    Chou, Shu-Hsien
    ,
    Sheu, P. J.
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<1301:TSOTUM>2.0.CO;2
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Abstract: The combination of vertical lidar and in situ meteorological observations from two aircraft provide an unprecedented view of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) during a cold air outbreak. To a first approximation, the lidar reflectivity is associated with the concentration of sea salt aerosols. Across the capping inversion, the lidar reflectivity contours approximate isentropes and streamlines thereby defining the inversion. Within the mixed layer, high reflectivity cores are associated with updrafts carrying aerosol-rich air upward and conversely. These effects are enhanced by increasing humidity in updraft and decreasing humidity in downdrafts that operate to increase and decrease aerosol sizes. Narrow high reflectivity columns extend upward from the ocean indicating that organized flow exists all the way to the surface. Entrainment across the inversion is manifested by small scale perturbations (?200?500 m) superimposed upon the large scale ( generally, this is on the upshear side of the, convective. domes where Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is triggered by local compression of the inversion, The MABL on 20 January 1983 is highly organized. The organization takes the form of 1?2 km scale roll vortices and corresponding undulations of the inversion with amplitude of 150?200 m peak to trough. The roll circulation is very strong with up and downdrafts of 2?4 in s?-1 at the 210 m level. The axes of the rolls are essentially north-south along the direction of the strong northerly low-level winds. The rising arm of the roll coincides with a column of high lidar reflectivity and with the updraft which transport aerosols, moisture, and heat up from the surface. The presence of the rolls, driven mainly by the combination of strong transverse sheer and buoyancy, serves to produce low-level convergence which concentrates the small-scale buoyant eddies to form a single well-ordered updraft in the manner previously postulated by LeMone. The fluxes measured by the covariance method in the undulating inversion are unreliable because of the sensitivity to detrending and inadequate sampling of the exchanges across the interfaces of the dames and troughs. The partitioning method of Wilczak and Businger provides improved insight as to the mechanisms responsible for the downward flux in the inversion. However, unlike Wilczak and Businger, who find the downward flux dominated by cold updrafts we find that it is due mainly to the entrainment of warm eddies which are then transported downward by the larger-scale roll circulations on the downshear side of the domes.
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      The Structure of the Unstable Marine Boundary Layer Viewed by Lidar and Aircraft Observations

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    http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4155409
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    contributor authorAtlas, David
    contributor authorWalter, Bernard
    contributor authorChou, Shu-Hsien
    contributor authorSheu, P. J.
    date accessioned2017-06-09T14:26:30Z
    date available2017-06-09T14:26:30Z
    date copyright1986/07/01
    date issued1986
    identifier issn0022-4928
    identifier otherams-19307.pdf
    identifier urihttp://onlinelibrary.yabesh.ir/handle/yetl/4155409
    description abstractThe combination of vertical lidar and in situ meteorological observations from two aircraft provide an unprecedented view of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) during a cold air outbreak. To a first approximation, the lidar reflectivity is associated with the concentration of sea salt aerosols. Across the capping inversion, the lidar reflectivity contours approximate isentropes and streamlines thereby defining the inversion. Within the mixed layer, high reflectivity cores are associated with updrafts carrying aerosol-rich air upward and conversely. These effects are enhanced by increasing humidity in updraft and decreasing humidity in downdrafts that operate to increase and decrease aerosol sizes. Narrow high reflectivity columns extend upward from the ocean indicating that organized flow exists all the way to the surface. Entrainment across the inversion is manifested by small scale perturbations (?200?500 m) superimposed upon the large scale ( generally, this is on the upshear side of the, convective. domes where Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is triggered by local compression of the inversion, The MABL on 20 January 1983 is highly organized. The organization takes the form of 1?2 km scale roll vortices and corresponding undulations of the inversion with amplitude of 150?200 m peak to trough. The roll circulation is very strong with up and downdrafts of 2?4 in s?-1 at the 210 m level. The axes of the rolls are essentially north-south along the direction of the strong northerly low-level winds. The rising arm of the roll coincides with a column of high lidar reflectivity and with the updraft which transport aerosols, moisture, and heat up from the surface. The presence of the rolls, driven mainly by the combination of strong transverse sheer and buoyancy, serves to produce low-level convergence which concentrates the small-scale buoyant eddies to form a single well-ordered updraft in the manner previously postulated by LeMone. The fluxes measured by the covariance method in the undulating inversion are unreliable because of the sensitivity to detrending and inadequate sampling of the exchanges across the interfaces of the dames and troughs. The partitioning method of Wilczak and Businger provides improved insight as to the mechanisms responsible for the downward flux in the inversion. However, unlike Wilczak and Businger, who find the downward flux dominated by cold updrafts we find that it is due mainly to the entrainment of warm eddies which are then transported downward by the larger-scale roll circulations on the downshear side of the domes.
    publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
    titleThe Structure of the Unstable Marine Boundary Layer Viewed by Lidar and Aircraft Observations
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume43
    journal issue13
    journal titleJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences
    identifier doi10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<1301:TSOTUM>2.0.CO;2
    journal fristpage1301
    journal lastpage1318
    treeJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences:;1986:;Volume( 043 ):;issue: 013
    contenttypeFulltext
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