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    The Effects of Very Large Drops on Cloud Absorption. Part I: Parcel Models

    Source: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences:;1984:;Volume( 041 ):;issue: 008::page 1336
    Author:
    Wiscombe, W. J.
    ,
    Welch, R. M.
    ,
    Hall, W. D.
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<1336:TEOVLD>2.0.CO;2
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Abstract: In an effort to bring more realism cloud-radiation calculations, arising-parcel model of cloud microphysics and a 191 waveband model of atmospheric radiation (ATRAD) have been brought to bear on the problem of cloud absorption of solar radiation, with emphasis on the effect of drops greater than 40?50 ?m in radius. The earlier conclusions of Welch and others that such large drops can produce cloud absorptivities in excess of 30% have not been substantiated. Instead we find large-drop enhancements of only 0.02?0.04 in cloud and total atmospheric absorptivities. However, several other, more important influences were uncovered: 1) Large drops make it necessary to know the second and third moments of the drop distribution in order to parameterize the shortwave effect of clouds; parameterizations based only on the third moment (liquid water content) do not consider a wide enough range of variation of drop distribution. 2) Large drops cause a precipitous fall in both cloud and planetary albedo if the supply of liquid water is fixed. 3) Large drops enhance the solar greenhouse effect by distributing solar heating more deeply into the cloud. Plots of spectral heating rate reveal that the spectral regions 1.5?1.8 ?m and 1.15?1.3 ?m are most important for shortwave heating of clouds. It is suggested that very large drops may also explain the looming ?optical depth paradox,? whereby optical depths deduced from measurements of reflected radiation are much smaller than those calculated from measured liquid water profiles.
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      The Effects of Very Large Drops on Cloud Absorption. Part I: Parcel Models

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    http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4154862
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    contributor authorWiscombe, W. J.
    contributor authorWelch, R. M.
    contributor authorHall, W. D.
    date accessioned2017-06-09T14:24:48Z
    date available2017-06-09T14:24:48Z
    date copyright1984/04/01
    date issued1984
    identifier issn0022-4928
    identifier otherams-18815.pdf
    identifier urihttp://onlinelibrary.yabesh.ir/handle/yetl/4154862
    description abstractIn an effort to bring more realism cloud-radiation calculations, arising-parcel model of cloud microphysics and a 191 waveband model of atmospheric radiation (ATRAD) have been brought to bear on the problem of cloud absorption of solar radiation, with emphasis on the effect of drops greater than 40?50 ?m in radius. The earlier conclusions of Welch and others that such large drops can produce cloud absorptivities in excess of 30% have not been substantiated. Instead we find large-drop enhancements of only 0.02?0.04 in cloud and total atmospheric absorptivities. However, several other, more important influences were uncovered: 1) Large drops make it necessary to know the second and third moments of the drop distribution in order to parameterize the shortwave effect of clouds; parameterizations based only on the third moment (liquid water content) do not consider a wide enough range of variation of drop distribution. 2) Large drops cause a precipitous fall in both cloud and planetary albedo if the supply of liquid water is fixed. 3) Large drops enhance the solar greenhouse effect by distributing solar heating more deeply into the cloud. Plots of spectral heating rate reveal that the spectral regions 1.5?1.8 ?m and 1.15?1.3 ?m are most important for shortwave heating of clouds. It is suggested that very large drops may also explain the looming ?optical depth paradox,? whereby optical depths deduced from measurements of reflected radiation are much smaller than those calculated from measured liquid water profiles.
    publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
    titleThe Effects of Very Large Drops on Cloud Absorption. Part I: Parcel Models
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume41
    journal issue8
    journal titleJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences
    identifier doi10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<1336:TEOVLD>2.0.CO;2
    journal fristpage1336
    journal lastpage1355
    treeJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences:;1984:;Volume( 041 ):;issue: 008
    contenttypeFulltext
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    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2015  DuraSpace
    نرم افزار کتابخانه دیجیتال "دی اسپیس" فارسی شده توسط یابش برای کتابخانه های ایرانی | تماس با یابش
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