Single Doppler Velocity Signature Interpretation of Nondivergent Environmental Winds

Abstract

A variety of single Doppler velocity patterns that simulate those observed in a nondivergent environment is presented. Measurements in optically clear air and/or widespread precipitation are simulated, using horizontally uniform wind fields that vary with height. Vertical profiles of wind speed and direction indicated by the simulated Doppler velocity fields agree well with Doppler radar measurements. Horizontally uniform winds veering with height produce a striking S-shaped pattern, indicative of warm air advection; winds backing with height produce a backward S, indicative of cold air advection. A maximum in the vertical profile of wind speed is indicated by a pair of concentric contours, one upwind and one downwind of the radar. The presence of a frontal discontinuity is indicated by rapid variation of wind direction within the frontal zone. The wind speed profile controls the overall pattern including the spacing between contours, whereas the vertical profile of wind direction controls contour curvature.