One-Year Operational Measurements with a Sonic Anemometer–Thermometer and a Doppler Sodar

Abstract

A Doppler sodar and an ultrasonic anemometer?thermometer, which are operated continuously at a nuclear research center in Germany, are described. Mean values and second moments including turbulent surface fluxes recorded over 1 yr are analyzed in order to assess their credibility. Particularly, the effects of rain on the data quality and the statistical bias caused by a reduced data availability?typical for remote sensing measurements?are investigated. Mean profiles of the vertical wind variance for different classes of Monin?Obukhov length, the mean vertical wind component versus wind direction, and the annual variation of 24-h averages of the surface heat flux are presented.