Water Rights in Texas

Abstract

Allocation of water in Texas evolved historically over several centuries into an essentially unmanageable system. Water management has progressed significantly in recent years with the transition of riparian rights to a surface-water permit system. Although the “law of the biggest pump” still governs, pressure for ground-water regulation continues to intensify. Water rights have become a major consideration in water-resources development and management in the state. This paper describes the Texas experience in allocating water resources among many competing users. The evolution of the water-rights system is outlined, and key issues remaining to be resolved are noted. The strategies adopted and the complexities encountered in Texas are representative of other states as well.