Modeling and Simulation of Collisions of Heavy Trucks with Concrete Barriers

Abstract

On-site collision tests of full-scale concrete barriers are an important method to understand what happens to concrete barriers when vehicles collide with them. However, such tests require both time and money, so modeling and simulation of collisions by computer have been developed as an alternative in this research. First, spring subgrade models were developed to formulate the ground boundary of concrete barriers based on previous experiments. Then, the finite element method models were developed for both heavy trucks and concrete barriers to simulate their dynamic collision performances. Comparison of the results generated from computer simulations and on-site experiments demonstrates that the developed models can be applied to simulate the collision of heavy trucks with concrete barriers, to replicate the movement of the truck at the collision, and to investigate the performance of the concrete barriers. The developed research methodology can be widely used to support the design of new concrete barriers and the safety analysis of existing ones.