Lissamine FF Fluorescent Dye

Abstract

The use of Rhodamine WT fluorescent dye in the presence of nitrite was recently linked with the formation of diethylnitrosamine (DENA), a compound with mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Lissamine FF fluorescent dye was selected as a substitute for Rhodamine WT dye to avoid potential problems upstream of water intakes. In a series of comparative tests with Rhodamine WT dye, Lissamine FF dye was found to have a higher minimum detectability limit, to be less temperature dependent, to be highly sensitive to chlorine content, to be less soluble, and more expensive than Rhodamine WT.