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    Transient Flow Caused by Air Expulsion through an Orifice

    Source: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering:;2008:;Volume ( 134 ):;issue: 009
    Author:
    Giuseppe De Martino
    ,
    Nicola Fontana
    ,
    Maurizio Giugni
    DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:9(1395)
    Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
    Abstract: A pressurized water system may be subjected to high pressure surges because of the expulsion of a trapped air pocket through an orifice at the downstream end of the pipe. Results are presented of laboratory experiments, in which pressure histories were recorded for different upstream heads, air pocket volumes, and orifice sizes. The resulting pressure oscillation pattern was divided into two distinct stages: a first phase of low-frequency pressure oscillation during the air release, followed by a sudden pressure increase with water hammer characteristics when the water column reaches the orifice. The experimental results show that the duration of the first phase decreases substantially with increasing upstream head and orifice size, and increases with air pocket volume. A simple relationship was deduced, which agrees well with experimental data. The maximum pressure peaks, always observed in the water hammer phase, increased with upstream head and orifice size, whereas the volume of the air pocket appeared to be a less significant factor in the range investigated. A simple predictive equation was deduced based on Allievi–Joukowski results.
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      Transient Flow Caused by Air Expulsion through an Orifice

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    http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/26621
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    contributor authorGiuseppe De Martino
    contributor authorNicola Fontana
    contributor authorMaurizio Giugni
    date accessioned2017-05-08T20:46:19Z
    date available2017-05-08T20:46:19Z
    date copyrightSeptember 2008
    date issued2008
    identifier other%28asce%290733-9429%282008%29134%3A9%281395%29.pdf
    identifier urihttp://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl/handle/yetl/26621
    description abstractA pressurized water system may be subjected to high pressure surges because of the expulsion of a trapped air pocket through an orifice at the downstream end of the pipe. Results are presented of laboratory experiments, in which pressure histories were recorded for different upstream heads, air pocket volumes, and orifice sizes. The resulting pressure oscillation pattern was divided into two distinct stages: a first phase of low-frequency pressure oscillation during the air release, followed by a sudden pressure increase with water hammer characteristics when the water column reaches the orifice. The experimental results show that the duration of the first phase decreases substantially with increasing upstream head and orifice size, and increases with air pocket volume. A simple relationship was deduced, which agrees well with experimental data. The maximum pressure peaks, always observed in the water hammer phase, increased with upstream head and orifice size, whereas the volume of the air pocket appeared to be a less significant factor in the range investigated. A simple predictive equation was deduced based on Allievi–Joukowski results.
    publisherAmerican Society of Civil Engineers
    titleTransient Flow Caused by Air Expulsion through an Orifice
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume134
    journal issue9
    journal titleJournal of Hydraulic Engineering
    identifier doi10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:9(1395)
    treeJournal of Hydraulic Engineering:;2008:;Volume ( 134 ):;issue: 009
    contenttypeFulltext
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