Ray‐path Curvature in Shallow Seismic Investigations

Abstract

Equations for seismic ray‐path curvature are presented for both linear and nonlinear velocity versus depth models. Techniques are then developed for correcting cross‐hole results for ray‐path curvature and for determining the model constants for seismic refraction based on data from two source‐to‐receiver spacings. The principal advantage of the techniques is that corrections are independent of the soil properties and stress conditions above and below the test elevation, not including the relatively thin zone through which the ray path passes. The linear model is of the form