| description abstract | An efficient and accurate approach for heat transfer evaluation on curved boundaries is proposed in the thermal lattice Boltzmann equation (TLBE) method. The boundary heat fluxes in the discrete velocity directions of the TLBE model are obtained using the given thermal boundary condition and the temperature distribution functions at the lattice nodes close to the boundary. Integration of the discrete boundary heat fluxes with effective surface areas gives the heat flow rate across the boundary. For lattice models with square or cubic structures and uniform lattice spacing the effective surface area is constant for each discrete heat flux, thus the heat flux integration becomes a summation of all the discrete heat fluxes with constant effective surface area. The proposed heat transfer evaluation scheme does not require a determination of the normal heat flux component or a surface area approximation on the boundary; thus, it is very efficient in curvedboundary simulations. Several numerical tests are conducted to validate the applicability and accuracy of the proposed heat transfer evaluation scheme, including: (i) twodimensional (2D) steadystate thermal flow in a channel, (ii) onedimensional (1D) transient heat conduction in an inclined semiinfinite solid, (iii) 2D transient heat conduction inside a circle, (iv) threedimensional (3D) steadystate thermal flow in a circular pipe, and (v) 2D steadystate natural convection in a square enclosure with a circular cylinder at the center. Comparison between numerical results and analytical solutions in tests (i)–(iv) shows that the heat transfer is secondorder accurate for straight boundaries perpendicular to one of the discrete lattice velocity vectors, and firstorder accurate for curved boundaries due to the irregularly distributed lattice fractions intersected by the curved boundary. For test (v), the computed surfaceaveraged Nusselt numbers agree well with published results. | |
