An Investigation of Turbine Wheelspace Cooling Flow Interactions With a Transonic Hot Gas Path—Part 1: Experimental Measurements

Abstract

The desire for higher power output combined with lower fuel consumption has focused recent design and research attention on the interaction of required secondary systems cooling flows with the turbine hot gas path. The flow physics associated with the rotor-stator wheelspaces, and in particular the trench and buffer cavity areas just inboard of the hot gas path, demand an increased level of design sophistication to account for the unsteady fluid and thermal effects associated with periodic vane wakes, circumferential pressure gradients, purge flows, and blade lead edge blockages. Part 1 of this study utilizes a wheelspace sector cascade rig for the purpose of gathering fundamental data on flow and thermal effects in a nonrotating environment. This experimental rig is a simplified screening tool for the investigation of basic geometry and flow effects that maintains the bulk of the correct flow physics in the absence of rotation. The test rig is also a validation data generation device for the unsteady CFD modeling efforts described in Part 2. The present cascade is composed of a five-passage annular sector of a transonic turbine inlet guide vane, a complete sector of the upper wheelspace, buffer and trench cavities, and equivalent flow blockages for a blade row represented as leading edge cylinders. The geometry is three-dimensional including all sealing features of the wheelspace. The vane and blade rows can be clocked to any relative position. Secondary cooling flows are adjustable for the wheelspace purge flow and the leakage flow across the vane support. Detailed measurements in the form of static pressures throughout the interaction region, surface temperature distributions, and buffer cavity air temperatures are presented for various clocked positions. The circumferential pressure distribution peak-to-peak variations just aft of the vane are here as much as 18%. These variations are key to the resulting forcing of hot gas inboard of the rim seal. The blade leading edge bow wave is found to have an equal or even greater influence in generating this peak-to-peak variation than the vane trailing edge wake. Buffer cavity cooling effectiveness levels vary with the clocked positions and decrease as cylinder size is increased. Significantly, the effect of the leading edge blockage can reduce buffer cavity cooling effectiveness by a factor of 0.1.