The Springback Characteristics of a Porous Tantalum Sheet-Metal

Abstract

This study examines the elastic recovery (springback) of a porous tantalum foam after sheet forming operations. The foam and sheet-like form is applicable to bone ingrowth surfaces on orthopedic implants and is desirable due to its combination of high strength, low relative density, and excellent osteoconductive properties. Forming of the foam improves nestability during manufacture and is essential to have the material achieve the desired shape. Experimentally, bending about a single axis using a wiping die is studied by observing cracking and measuring springback. Die radius and clearance strongly affect the springback properties, while punch speed, embossing, die radius, and clearance all influence cracking. To study the effect of the foam microstructure, bending also is examined numerically. A horizontal hexagonal mesh comprised of beam elements is employed, which allows for the densification that occurs during forming. The flow strength of individual tantalum struts is directly measured in an atomic force microscope. The numerical results show that as the hexagonal cells are elongated along the sheet length, elastic springback decreases. By changing the material properties of the struts, the models can be modified for use with other open-cell metallic foams.