Three-Dimensional Modeling of Hydraulic Fractures in Layered Media: Part I—Finite Element Formulations

Abstract

A comprehensive model represented by a set of equations governing the mechanics of planar hydraulic fracture propagation in a multi-layered reservoir is presented. A general-purpose integral formulation for the formation elasticity is developed along with a numerical scheme for mode I fracture response evaluation of an arbitrarily shaped planar pressurized crack in a layered medium. Non-Newtonian fluid flow in the hydraulically induced fracture is governed by a two-dimensional nonlinear partial differential equation. Finite element formulations for the governing equations as well as calibrative examples illustrating the computational features of the model are presented. Numerical schemes for determining the moving fracture front and coupling of the fluid flow and structural/fracture responses are also developed.