Abstract: This work focuses on the development of a three-dimensional shield tunneling model coupling the finite-difference method (FDM) with the discrete-element method (DEM) and evaluates its tunneling performance in boulders. The ...

Abstract: During double-shield tunnel boring machine (DS-TBM) excavation of urban subway tunnels, backfilling with pea gravel and grouting is usually performed behind segment wall linings. However, insufficient pea gravel backfill ...

Abstract: Although many calculation methods for tunnel face support pressure have been proposed, they are difficult to use in practical applications. In tunneling, the tunnel support pressure is currently being determined by empirical ...