Abstract: Layered rock mass is prevalent in tunnel engineering, where deformation and failure of surrounding rock are primarily governed by discontinuity structural planes, leading to significant anisotropy in deformation and strength ...

Abstract: Superficially, the optimal control problem of a general system may be handled by the stochastic dynamic programming or stochastic maximum principles. The practical application of these two principles, however, is confined ...

Abstract: As continental shale oil is explored and developed on a larger scale, its high starting pressure gradient in the shale matrix poses challenges for flow. This paper investigates the effect of imbibition development and the ...

Abstract: Sampling error stems from the use of ensemble-based data assimilation (EDA) with a limited ensemble size and can result in spurious background error covariances, leading to false analysis corrections. The WRF-LETKF radar ...

Abstract: This paper presents the experimental and analytical results of a new composite girder that consists of a steel girder and hybrid fiber–reinforced concrete (HFRC) slab. First, six push-out tests were performed, and the test ...

Abstract: Due to the uncontrollable factors in the installation process, the angular misalignments of the inner and outer races may exist in deep groove ball bearings. In order to analyze the performances of bearings with misalignments, ...

Abstract: Concrete-face rockfill dams (CFRDs) usually face different safety problems, such as dam cracks caused by uneven deformation, face slab cracking, dam slope instability, and excessive leakage, during their long-term operation. ...

Abstract: Fog plays a vital role in maintaining ecosystems in montane cloud forests. In these forests, a large amount of water on the surface of leaves and canopy (hereafter canopy water) evaporates during the morning. This biophysical ...

Abstract: Air pollution is estimated to contribute to approximately 7 million premature deaths, of which around 4.5 million deaths are linked to ambient (outdoor) air pollution. The deaths attributed to air pollution rank the highest ...