Abstract: Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria become excellent condensation nuclei when lyophilized to dryness. The same freeze-dry procedure does not inactivate the highly effective freezing nuclei produced by ice nucleation ...

Abstract: Freezing spectra of INA bacteria from different parts of the world were compared. A slight increase in efficiency of freezing nuclei produced by strains from warmer climates was observed. Whole cells of the most efficient ...