Abstract: Existing projects indicate that a large number of pile boreholes formed via cement fly ash gravel (CFG) pile construction in soft soil could produce a borehole group effect in the absence of timely backfilling. The borehole ...

Abstract: A grouting technique is introduced as a measure to protect tunnels adjacent to a large-scale excavation. Field measurements indicated that this grouting technique reduced the maximum horizontal displacement in the tunnel ...

Abstract: Disturbance induced by excavation is a major threat to the structural and operational safety of the tunnel in the vicinity of the excavation. Grouting is considered to be an efficient method for controlling tunnel deformation. ...

Abstract: The response of existing tunnels to adjacent excavation at an oblique intersection angle is still unclear. This study investigated the deformation of an existing tunnel when new excavation was conducted obliquely, based ...