Abstract: To better predict the response of laterally loaded caissons and the displacement distribution around the foundations, three different beam theories [Timoshenko beam theory with vertical (z) displacement in soil, Timoshenko ...

Abstract: The rapid expansion and intensification of urbanization have led to increased growth and utilization of underground spaces. This trend has raised safety concerns, necessitating additional preventive and mitigation measures. ...

Abstract: During the expansion of metro subway projects, numerous safety hazards occur due to geotechnical site conditions, the complexity of the construction work, the concealment of the project, and the lengthy construction period. ...