Abstract: The step-mountain or eta vertical coordinate has been a proposed solution for eliminating the numerical errors encountered when calculating the pressure gradient force along sloping surfaces. The main objectives of this ...

Abstract: The Alpine Experiment (ALPEX) has revealed that low-level air is typically diverted around the Alps without reaching the mountaintop. In pursuit of an understanding of the physical basis of this phenomenon and of its ...

Abstract: ncertainty in equilibrium climate sensitivity impedes accurate climate projections. While the intermodel spread is known to arise primarily from differences in cloud feedback, the exact processes responsible for the spread ...