Abstract: The delta?M method represents a natural extension of the recently proposed delta?Eddington approximation to all orders M of angular approximation. It relies essentially on matching the first 2M phase function moments and ...

Abstract: The nonsphericity of many atmospheric particles is often raised as an objection to radiative transfer analyses which assume sphericity. This paper studies the behavior of extinction and absorption cross sections, as well ...

Abstract: The horizons of atmospheric science are undergoing a considerable expansion as a result of intense interest in problems of climate. This has caused somewhat of a renaissance in hitherto-neglected subfields of atmospheric ...

Abstract: A method for detecting cirrus clouds in terms of brightness temperature differences between narrowbands at 8, 11, and 12 µm has been proposed by Ackerman et al. In this method, the variation of emissivity with wavelength ...

Abstract: New formulas for the backscattered fraction in two-stream theory are derived. They express this fraction, for either isotropically or monodirectionally incident radiation, as a single integral over the scattering phase ...

Abstract: ertain algebraic combinations of single scattering albedo and solar radiation reflected from, or transmitted through, vegetation canopies do not vary with wavelength. These ?spectrally invariant relationships? are the ...

Abstract: In an effort to bring more realism cloud-radiation calculations, arising-parcel model of cloud microphysics and a 191 waveband model of atmospheric radiation (ATRAD) have been brought to bear on the problem of cloud ...

Abstract: This paper presents a rapid yet accurate method, the ?delta-Eddington? approximation, for calculating monochromatic radiative fluxes in an absorbing-scattering atmosphere. By combining a Dirac delta function and a two-term ...

Abstract: Most cloud radiation models and conventional data processing techniques assume that the mean number of drops of a given radius is proportional to volume. The analysis of microphysical data on liquid water drop sizes shows ...

Abstract: Most of the existing cloud radiation models treat liquid water drops of a variety of sizes as an ensemble of particles. The ensemble approach assumes that all drop sizes are well represented in an elementary volume, and ...