Abstract: More than two decades ago the first strong experimental results appeared suggesting that turbulent flows might not be asymptotically independent of their initial (or upstream) conditions (Wygnanski ...

Abstract: Of the many aspects of the long-studied field of turbulence, the zero-pressure-gradient boundary layer is probably the most investigated, and perhaps also the most reviewed. Turbulence is a ...

Abstract: By using the RANS boundary layer equations, it will be shown that the outer part of an adverse pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer tends to remain in equilibrium similarity, even near ...