Abstract: Behavior of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns can be predicted accurately using detailed finite-element (FE) modeling, but such models are tedious to build and impractical for frame analysis. In contrast, ...

Abstract: In detailed three-dimensional (3D) finite-element modeling, two-dimensional and/or 3D elements are widely used because of their high accuracy and ease of use despite the high computational cost. In contrast, simplified ...