Abstract: The prediction of the dispersal of volcanic ash from events such as the Ruapehu eruptions of 1995 and 1996 is important, not only for civil-defense authorities who need to warn people in downwind areas, but for airline ...

Abstract: Daily rainfall totals are a key input for hydrological models that are designed to simulate water and pollutant flow through both soil and waterways. Within New Zealand there are large areas and many river catchments where ...

Abstract: Wind speeds over a 6-month period from 21 surface stations, 3 upper-wind stations, and 2 different models are compared. Similar data are used for three different topographic regions of New Zealand broadly classed as having ...

Abstract: The sensitivities of soil moisture impacts on summer rainfall in the central United States to different commonly used cumulus parameterization and surface flux schemes are examined using the PSU-NCAR MMS under different ...

Abstract: A three-dimensional off-line spectral transport model has been combined with a global, mechanistic, finite-difference dynamics model of the middle atmosphere in order to study transport and photochemistry in the middle ...

Abstract: Regional climate simulations are long time integrations over an open system where the atmosphere over part of the model domain (boundary zones) is updated periodically. Model reinitialization after a long period of integration ...

Abstract: trong southerly winds regularly occur in the Cook Strait region of New Zealand. Occasionally, these winds are strong enough to cause severe damage to property and threaten human life. One example of a storm containing such ...

Abstract: Historically most soil moisture?land surface impact studies have focused on continents because of the important forecasting and climate implications involved. For a relatively small isolated mountainous landmass in the ...

Abstract: AbstractThis paper describes how a combination of high-resolution numerical modeling, a robust homogenization algorithm, and local pressure observations have been used to understand and reconcile time series of daily, ...

Abstract: ind data at time scales from 10 min to 1 h are an important input for modeling the performance of wind farms and their impact on many countries? national electricity systems. Planners need long-term realistic (i.e., ...